Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: Issues in the UK and US

Lewd behavior in the Workplace: Issues in the UK and US Why it Remains a Pervasive Issue in the United States and the European Union  â â â â â â â â â â Unsolicited lewd behavior, particularly toward ladies, has been a genuine and nerve racking issue all around the globe for quite a long time. Title VII of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 in the United States characterizes lewd behavior as unwanted advances, demands for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical lead of sexual nature that make hostile or antagonistic conditions (1964, 3). This incorporates any occurrence of verbal badgering, attack, assault, and so forth that damage the victim’s pride while making an antagonistic, embarrassing, or corrupting condition (European Institute for Gender Equality). Inappropriate behavior has taken numerous shapes and structures from the beginning of time yet one truth remains, ladies are misused and ruined while their harassers are more than frequently unaffected. Ladies have not been appropriately spoken to and pushed for inside their particular nations and their voices have been quieted. They have not had a stage to advocate for themselves just as others on the grounds that more often than not, their allegations are disregarded, disparaged, and they are compelled to conceal their agony and languishing. Both the United States and the European Union have laws and governing body set up that preclude organizations, similar to schools and work environments, from having any sexual orientation segregation and energize the assurance of women’s rights. Furthermore, nations in the EU have confirmed show, for example, the Convention on the End of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). In any case, these measures have been ineffectual in light of the fact that there is a serious absence of guideline of these laws and shows and no observing of how they are being actualized. Lewd behavior rates rise consistently in both these districts as more than sixty percent of ladies in the US and EU have been explicitly annoyed in the course of their life (Clarke 2007, 1) and something must be done about it. Fortunately, declarations, especially from the previous not many years, have started the production of developments that shed light on the appalling examples of lewd behavior of ladies around the globe and uncover the people behind such terrible acts. Broad developments, for example, #MeToo and Time’s Up have given casualties a network to mend and a voice through which they can battle lewd behavior both all through the working environment. There would not be a requirement for developments like these if badgering and ambush were not an unmistakable issue. Lewd behavior stays an inescapable issue in both the United states and the European Union since, even with shows, laws, and lawmaking body set up, the absence of guideline, constrained checking of execution, and a nonappearance of national acknowledgment disregard casualties in their battle.  â â â â â â â â â â Sexual provocation comes in a wide range of structures and appreciating them is the first step toward understanding the size of this issue. By contrasting how both the United States and the European Union characterize inappropriate behavior, we can start to dissect the internal activities of every nation concerning lewd behavior. Instances of lewd behavior are consistently spontaneous and unwanted as indicated by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Besides, the European Institute for Gender Equity characterizes lewd behavior as a type of sexual orientation based viciousness including demonstrations of undesirable physical, verbal, and non-verbal direct, which have the grounds or then again impact of disregarding the victim’s pride while making an antagonistic or corrupting condition (EIGE 1). A catchphrase utilized in the meaning of both the US and the EU is unwanted. The word unwanted accentuates the victims’ uneasiness and sentiments of ensnarement. Be that as it may, it isn't equivalent to automatic on the grounds that a casualty may have consented to specific things before figuring it out it was hostile or possibly risky. The principle contrast between these two translations is their core interest. The US concentrates on the demonstration of sexual badgering while the EU focuses on the outcomes.  â â â â â â â â â â Additionally, there are two primary qualifications of inappropriate behavior that apply to both the EU what's more, the US. The first is the private circle. This level subtleties sexual maltreatment in the home or private existence of a person. An examination led by Quinnipiac College uncovered that fifteen percent of ladies who have been explicitly annoyed as well as mishandled said it occurred at home. (Frederick, 2) People frequently disregard that a few cases of badgering happen inside the victims’ homes since most instances of rape happen in the subsequent circle, the general population circle. This structure includes examples of verbal provocation, lewd gestures, attack, assault, and so forth that happen in the general network (RAINN). Likewise included in the open circle is lewd behavior in the work environment. US law perceives two sorts of lewd behavior inside the work environment, renumeration lewd behavior and threatening workplace. Compensation includes an representative that needs to endure and persevere through lewd behavior in return for business, an advancement, a raise, and so forth. Threatening workplace, as characterized by US law, is a hostile workplace that frustrates an employee’s execution because of lewd behavior in the work environment (Title VII). On the other hand, the EU doesn't perceive various types of inappropriate behavior in the working environment and utilizations a general definition. This is an immense piece of the issue since the absence of qualification and acknowledgment creates indifference and individuals disregard that inappropriate behavior in the working environment is an altogether extraordinary issue all alone.  â â â â â â â â â â The effect of lewd behavior on survivors is serious and can extend from sorrow and uneasiness to post awful pressure issue (PTSD). Casualties can develop to fear physical and sexual lead and abstain from leaving their homes (Thomas, 143). As indicated by Equal Rights Promoters, a women’s law focus in the US, one out of four ladies, between the ages of 18 and 35, have been explicitly annoyed in the working environment. This is just a measurement the individuals who have announced rape and, tragically, numerous ladies stow away their agony and enduring out of dread. Moreover, this proportion gets slimmer as the ladies get more established. The probability of ladies encountering lewd behavior in or on the other hand out of the work environment gets higher the more seasoned they are. In the event that an investigation were directed on ladies ages 18 to 75, the proportion would be more like one out of two ladies. 95 percent of these ladies experience the ill effects of incapacitating pressure responses including tension, cerebral pains, rest issue, weight reduction or increase, discouragement, and dread of physical/sexual contact, as referenced prior (Equal Rights Advocates).  â â â â â â â â â â Furthermore, the European Association Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) reasoned that around 90 million ladies in all EU Member States have encountered in any event one type of sexual badgering since the age of 15. That implies that just about 60 percent of ladies have been explicitly bugged. These measurements demonstrate that having approved a show, for example, CEDAW has practically no impact on badgering and ambush if there is no usage and hard-set rules. Inappropriate behavior has a crippling impact that thwarts ladies from standing up for themselves inside the work environment. Among men, it strengthens the cliché perspective on ladies as articles. Outrageous inappropriate behavior makes antagonistic or threatening workplaces that cause ladies to stop their employments and search for another or it debilitates them from looking for occupations by and large. Ladies are too hesitant to even think about speaking out about the issues theyre confronting on the grounds that they would prefer not to lose their positions yet on the off chance that it gets too serious they feel as there is no other choice however to stop. For the greater part of American and European history, ladies discreetly suffered abuse and provocation in the working environment, with practically no assurance or way out. By the 1920s, working ladies were encouraged to stop their occupations in the event that they can't deal with lewd gestures (Slope, 2). These damaged ladies, some of which are single parents, lose their wellspring of pay in light of the fact that their voices are hushed and they can't advocate for their privileges. Additionally, lewd behavior at work can have major results for the casualty as well as for other working ladies who witness it. Like the irritated people, ladies make an effort not to cause a lot to notice themselves to abstain from being explicitly irritated too. This thwarts them from playing out their best since they would prefer not to stick out, regardless of whether it implies giving up likely advancements, raises, affirmations, and so forth. (Webb, 52) These ladies are abused and abused in light of the fact that they have nobody to battle for them as laws against lewd behavior both in the US and the EU are definitely not enough upheld.  â â â â â â â â â â The Show on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an global arrangement that was embraced by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979. It plots oppression ladies and calls for national activity to end sex based separation, badgering, and brutality. Furthermore, it requires States Parties to administer arrangements, projects, approaches, and procedures which forbid inappropriate behavior in all circles. The United States was one of the main signatories on the show yet at the same time has not approved it. The US claims there are laws and guidelines as of now set up that accomplish what CEDAW intends to achieve, one of them being Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It points to annihilate inappropriate behavior in schools and working environments. The objective of the Lewd behavior Po

Case Solution Electro Logic Essay

Smash Singam - Electro Logic writeup1. Persuasive Strengths and Weaknesses of Electro Logic Strengths: Electro Logic (EL) workers are a piece of a profoundly unique industry and they are allowed the chance to have any kind of effect in IT through extraordinary flawlessness of the VFVA framework. Pay rates and pay raises are offered dependent on execution, animating as such EL staff individuals will expand their endeavors in supporting the association arrive at its general objectives. Nearby occupation preparing programs are inspiring as the representatives can gain from their associates in a recognizable domain, augmenting the odds of future triumphs. The organization is persistently advancing, connecting as such its representatives in a perplexing unique procedure, which keeps up their inspiration and decreases routine work EL makes open doors for social associations, which increment spirit and worker cooperation. Shortcomings In Electro Logic the way that significant subsidizing comes essentially from the legislature, the spending plan for this organization was not fixed for a long haul, worker benefits, Health protection premiums can change whenever, no employer stability for representatives; in this manner representatives levels of inspiration, and thus execution and Outcomes are contrarily influenced. The determination standards for the recently delegated duties were somewhat discretionary and this could create disappointment. Headway openings are muddled to representatives as such neglect to appropriately rouse the EL workers. The inside structure of EL association depends on vertical progressive system, with workers being given constrained access to recognize them. The more level the association the better the inspiration and execution. Fortification is absent. The three areas of the Electro Logic separate structures lessen the employee’s capacity to focus and coordinate as a group and furthermore decrease their confidence on High-Priority Actions. The small scale the executives in certain regions ought to be decreased in the fundamental structure. The Administrative division ought to be dealt with decently as it is likewise part of the organization. The gratefulness and incorporated cooperation is absent at the Electro Logic. This lessens the results. Employee’s individual needs are not perceived by the chiefs hence lessening the fulfillment.

Creating a Schedule

Creating a Schedule Hey guys, So by now many of you have found out that youve been accepted into Illinois, so congratulations, you did it, great job! But now comes the  work. Getting into a major university is an accomplishment in of itself, and you should be very proud of yourselves for that, however life doesnt end here. Now you have to prove that all that hard work you put into getting in here wasnt a fluke. One of the most important things you have to do in order to be prepared for those classes come this fall, is of course set up your schedule! In this process, you will meet with advisers who will set you on a path, and guide you through it so that you are able to find all the classes that you want and need for your major and electives, and to graduate. A tool that I found pretty early, on that helped me a lot to set up a schedule with ease, was this site called scheedule.com. On scheedule.com you can log in with whatever college you attend, and the site will have access to all of the classes that are available to you there. From there, it sets up a weekly calendar that will show you by the hour, where your classes lay on any given day. They will give you the the times, the section numbers, and the CRNs for each class, so when you finally do have everything set up just the way you want it, you can just input those numbers in without having to find all the classes again separately. Its a very useful site, that has always made the stress a picking out classes much easier, and I know itll work for you new Illini as well! (Image found at now.avg.com) Until next time, Kenny Kenny Class of 2016 I’m in the Creative Writing program in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I’m originally from Tampa, Florida, but I’ve been calling Illinois my home since 1998. I’ve lived all over the Northwest suburbs, from Palatine to Lakemoor to where I currently live back home, Mundelein.

Female Serial Killers - 773 Words

FEMALE SERIAL KILLERS Rudyard Kipling once said that the female of the species is far more deadly than the male. Female serial killers more than prove that theory, yet they have always been something of an anomaly in criminology and a puzzle for law enforcement. These are the quiet killers, every bit as lethal as their male counterparts, but we are seldom aware of one in our midst because of their low visibility. Most female crime is hidden. Kelleher Kelleher (1998) argue that female serial killers are more successful, careful, precise, methodical, and quiet in committing their crimes. They examined 100 cases since 1900 and found an average duration of 8 years before being caught -- double that of the male serial killer.†¦show more content†¦Throughout history the majority of female killers have murdered out of greed, passion, or self defense. True female serial killers are rare. Aileen Wuornos (known also as Lee) was born on the 29th of February 1956. Her natural mother, only 17 at the time, gave her to her grandparents to rise. Both grandparents were alcoholics, and especially her grandfather was abusive towards her. The family was poor and Aileen often resorted to prostitution in her early teen years, to get enough food to eat at school, and later alcohol and cigarettes. By the time she was 14 she was pregnant. It was immediately put up for adoption. After this Aileen dropped out of school and embarked on a lifestyle of prostitution and petty theft to support a growing drug and alcohol problem. Eventually Aileen married at the age of twenty-one to sixty-nine year old Lewis Fell. The marriage was short lived and failed, due to Aileens drunken and violent nature. Her lifestyle after the divorce was to take an even further downhill spiral; she was incarcerated for armed robbery for a year. Other arrests followed for fraud and motor vehicleShow MoreRelatedFemale Serial Killers : A Serial Killer Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesFemale Serial Killers For the most part the domain of serial homicide is ruled by men. There is however some females that has and can be serial killers. According to Bartol Bartol (2005) there have been at thirty six female serial killers throughout the United States. In general society we do not like to believe that women are capable of committing such acts, but as we continue to alter our views, moral, and beliefs of women’s equality and feminism there is room for women to be just as likelyRead MoreFemale Serial Killers2154 Words   |  9 PagesNot many people know that women can murder others, let alone, be serial murderers. What has been perceived generally in our societies is that women are the creation of God who sacrifice for others and care selflessly. It is the males who are seen as the abusers, the ones who murder, kill others for their selfish motives. That is true but not completely. The majority of people who abuse, or kill are males. However, women are also seen as doing these acts so anonymous to their â€Å"feminism†. Women alsoRead MoreThe Role Of Female Serial Killers On The Mind Of A Serial Killer1594 Words   |  7 PagesDelving into the mind of a serial killer can be a dark and twisted place to go, but also very interesting and intriguing at the same time. While the majority of serial killers in history have been men, women have also had their place in this type of crime. Often our first question when we hear the news of a new serial killer, our first question is â€Å"who is he?† But as we will examine through the research for this paper, women can also be geared to not only kill but to do it over and over again. AlthoughRead MoreEssay on Female Serial Killers738 Words   |  3 PagesFemale Serial Killers While most of the violent crimes that happens most are them are belongs to men, women have not been the wilting flowers promoted so heartily by Victorian adorers and (right or wrong) often evident in todays society. Before we get into detail about the fascinating phenomenon of the Black Widow, it is worth a brief overview of womens escalating role in the world of violent crime, particularly in the United States. Since 1970, there has been an increasing and alarming riseRead MoreFemale Serial Killers Essay2409 Words   |  10 Pagesmany catastrophes performed by a woman serial killer. Serial killers are a problem in the United States, murdering on average 2000 people each year (Indiana University np). â€Å"In fact, serial murder in the United States alone makes up more than three-quarters of the estimated world total† (Innes 5). Although women serial killers are not very common, they still have a huge impact on the death toll of innocent victims. In order to understand how woman serial killers operate, it is important to understandRead MoreThe First American Female Serial Killer3507 Words   |  15 PagesMechanisms 7 Immature Defence Mechanisms 8 Neurotic Defence Mechanisms 9 Mature Defence Mechanisms 9 Conclusion 11 â€Æ' The person I am going to analyse in this assignment is Aileen ‘Lee’ Carol Wuornos who was considered to be the first American female serial killer (Anon., 2015). Wuornos was born on February 29th 1956 in Rochester Michigan (Anon., 2015). Her father, Leo Dale Pittman was an alleged child molester and her mother Diane Wuornos was a teen mother who was not capable of taking up the responsibilitiesRead MoreThe Topic Of Female Serial Killers3596 Words   |  15 PagesMy essay is based on the topic of Female Serial Killers. I have collected information and statistics to develop my understanding. I have questions that convey interest in the field of studies of criminology, psychology and gender roles such as why do women kill? How do they kill? Is there difference between male and female serial killers? I came across this topic because I am interested in unusual portrayals of people in society and I have been fascinated by this controversial theory of Nature vsRead MoreFemale Serial Killers: Statistics and Research864 Words   |  3 PagesFemale Serial Killers: Serial killer is described as an example of a murderer who kills several individuals over a long period of time. While these people are usually male motivated by various psychological motives such as power, the number of female serial killers has increased significantly in the recent past. Unlike their male counterparts, female serial killers use less visible means of murder such as poisoning in order to keep under the radar and remain discrete (Gilbert et. al., 2003). SinceRead MoreSerial Murder And Mass Murder936 Words   |  4 Pages Before we can take on the definitions of serial murder and mass murder, we must first understand what exactly constitutes murder. According to the United States Code-section 1111, murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought (4). With that said, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the term serial murder implies that there are at least three different murder events at three different locations, with a â€Å"cooling off† period between each event (RamslandRead MoreThe Mind of Monsters1390 Words   |  6 PagesMorgan is a fictional serial killer from Showtime’s series â€Å"Dexter†, but the writers and actors have portrayed a real life serial killer. Manuel Prado is the real Dexter Morgan. Prado was a Miami cop who started with smaller crime and worked his way up to becoming a serial killer. †Prosecutor David Waksman told the Miami Herald: He was very cold. He was doing robberies and went home and slept lik e a baby. He was proud of what he did.† (International, 2012) Real life serial killers do not have any empathy

Oedipus the King Essay - 1073 Words

Oedipus the King The ancient Greeks were famous for their tragedies. These dramas functioned to â€Å"ask questions about the nature of man, his position in the universe, and the powers that govern his life† (â€Å"Greek† 1). Brereton (1968) stated that tragedies typically â€Å"involved a final and impressive disaster due to an unforeseen or unrealized failure involving people who command respect and sympathy. It often entails an ironical change of fortune and usually conveys a strong impression of waste. It is always accompanied by misery and emotional distress† (20). The play, Oedipus the King, by Sophocles definitely demonstrated the characteristics of an impressive disaster unforeseen by the protagonist that involved a character of†¦show more content†¦The audience recognized that Oedipus did not intend to do this horrific act and they felt sympathy for him. Aristotle believed true tragedies evoked catharsis from the spectators (Brereton 6). Tragedies usually involve people that demand respect and sympathy (Brereton 17). The plots of tragedies are usually based upon myths or legends about individuals of high rank (New T-350). In many plays, characters of royal decent are utilized because this implies a position of stature from which they can fall (Mandel 103). In the case of Oedipus, he was born into a royal family and was also eventually raised by another royal family. Oedipus who was a respected king came to recognize his true self. In the end, he was demoted to an exiled, penniless peasant. This caused the audience to recognize that if someone with this much greatness can experience catastrophe then they can also. The third characteristic typically seen in Greek tragedy was that of irony. Irony has been defined as an â€Å"incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs† (â€Å"Irony† 692). Oedipus heard from the oracle that he would kill his father and marry his mother, s o he decided to leave the town of Corinth to avoid this calamity. Oedipus’ decision to leave â€Å"his parents† actually led him into a collision course with his true father and mother. The prophecy was fulfilled despite Oedipus’ attempts to thwart it and this demonstrated aShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King Of Oedipus868 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge that waits upon one. Confidence overpowers cockiness. The cocky trait is heavily represented in the story â€Å"Oedipus the King† (c. 430 B.C.) by Sophocles. In the story, Oedipus the king of Thebes has the cocky trait and it results in torture for life. Oedipus’s arrogant personality shows throughout the story as he tries to find the killer of the former king of Thebes, his father. Oedipus tends to deem himself as a god throughout the story which plays a big role in interaction with people around himRead MoreOedipus The King : Oedipus1328 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus the King Oedipus had a lot of different character traits both good and bad. He had a good conscience; he cared deeply for the people in his life and protected them. He was very empathetic, smart and a dependable man who lived his life with great integrity. He was an honest man with strong moral principles and lived a righteous life. He found it difficult to live anything less than a righteous life; when he realized what had become of his life, his guilty conscience consumed him. He was filledRead MoreOedipus The King Of Oedipus1019 Words   |  5 Pageswhat makes Oedipus actions in his quarrel with Teiresias and also throughout the play so dramatically compelling, is the fact that the audience knows the outcome of the story. We know Oedipus fate even before he does, and there is no suspense about the outcome itself, instead, the audience anxiously awaits Oedipus to reveal his fate unto himself in his desperate quest to rid his city of the terrible plague, or maybe even more so, to simply d iscover his own unfortunate tale. Oedipus is relentlessRead MoreOedipus the King1125 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King by Sophocles is about Oedipus, a man doomed by his fate. Like most tragedies, #8220;Oedipus the King#8221; contains a tragic hero, a heroic figure unable to escape his/her own doom. This tragic hero usually has a hamartia or a tragic flaw which causes his/hers#8217; downfall. The tragic flaw that Sophocles gives Oedipus is hubris (exaggerated pride or self-confidence), which is what caused Oedipus to walk right into the fate he sought to escape. Pride like that of Oedipus hadRead MoreOedipus the King1065 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’ use of irony is amongst the greatest of all time, as demonstrated masterfully in Oedipus the King. He displays both ambition and understated humour by using irony in diverse ways, both cosmic and dramatic, as well as verbal irony to add a greater level of wit. Every word spoken holds great symbolic weight and those words contribute to a narrative that reflects the gods plans. Adversely the work of Johnathan Swift takes the form of a social satire, combining economic arguments with a sociopoliticalRead MoreOedipus the King1164 Words   |  5 Pagesmen of high reputation and good fortune such as Oedipus.† This attitude, commonly found in men of high station is not specifically identified as pride in the case of Oedipus and, indeed, different readings can place Oedipus’ great flaw in a number of areas. It seems as if Sophocles intended to emphasize the more common interpr etation of Oedipus’ flaw being excessive pride, but other interpretations, such as Pier Paolo Pasolini’s 1967 film Oedipus Rex, present other possibilities as the main characterRead MoreOedipus the King773 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greek drama Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is regarded as one of the most perfect tragedies ever written. The tragedy Oedipus the King is highly esteemed partly due to its use of dramatic irony. Dramatic irony means that facts or events, which are not known to the characters on stage or in a fictional work, are known to the audience or reader. Sophocles uses dramatic irony to demonstrate how little the protagonist really knows. The main dramatic irony in Oedipus the King contrasts Oedipus’sRead MoreOedipus The King, Or Oedipus Rex1249 Words   |  5 Pagesmost famous probably being Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, or Oedipus Rex. For a play to be considered a tragedy, it must have a tragic hero. According to Aristotleâ €™s definition of a tragic hero, they must be a decent moral person, of high social standing who eventually meets with a tragic downfall, of their own doing, suffering more than deserved, and realizing their error too late. In the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the epitome of a tragic hero. Oedipus Rex was generally a â€Å"good† person; heRead MoreOedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus1567 Words   |  7 Pagesworks of Sophocles and particularly evident in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, not only exalts the Greek nationalism present at the date of composition but dictates the course of the story, evolving as its tragic hero works through his fated anguish. Hubris, defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence, is the earmark character trait of Oedipus and perhaps Creon. However, it is the abandonment of his sanctimonious nature that distinguishes Oedipus as a true hero. The theme of the evolutionRead MoreOedipus The King, And Oedipus At Colonus1343 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus, a play written by Sophocles, has become a staple in the study of a Tragic hero in classic literature. When this was written in the fifth century, theatre was more than a means of entertainment but almost a religious event. Robert Fagles goes even further by saying tha t†theatre was not only a religious festival; it was also an aspect of the city’s political life.† (Fagles) . Greek dramas were presented only twice a year during religious festivals that honored Dionysus, the god of wines

Discusion of Political Meetings Free Essays

During the second semester of government class, I was given an assignment to attend three public meetings. I chose to attend a City Council meeting, a Republican Party meeting, and a Democratic Party meeting. The first meeting I attended was a City Council meeting at City Hall. We will write a custom essay sample on Discusion of Political Meetings or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of this meeting was to determine what actions the city of Havre should take regarding the recent legalization of medical marijuana use in Montana. The setting of this meeting was semiformal. The meeting was called to order and the city council members began discussing business. The council began the meeting by discussing current zoning districts. There was a lot of confusion regarding the zoning of businesses in Havre. There are several different zones in Havre, including Residential, Commercial General, and Commercial Intermediate. Currently, there are areas where zones overlap. In addition, there are businesses that are currently being allowed to operate in incorrect zones. They didn’t know which businesses or how many this applied to. The council members agreed that they needed to get a map that showed the current layout of the zoning districts. The inconsistencies with current zoning left the city with no way to regulate any medical marijuana businesses opening up in Havre. Since businesses in Havre are already being allowed to operate in areas that weren’t zoned for them, the city could not stop a medical marijuana business from opening anywhere in Havre. Secondly, there wasn’t a zone currently defined that would apply to a medical marijuana business. It soon became clear to the city council that before they could even begin to address the issue of medical marijuana, they needed to get the zoning issues figured out. One of the council members mentioned that the issues regarding zoning was first brought to the City Councils attention two years ago when a casino had been considering opening up in the old Tip Top Video location. He mentioned that businesses in Havre were allowed to open up anywhere regardless of which zone it was and that it only became a problem when a business asked first. Another issue regarding medical marijuana businesses in Havre was how to regulate them. Currently, there was no way of knowing how many were operating in Havre. The city did not require businesses to have a license and so that limited the city’s options. Other communities that required licenses were having an easier time regulated these businesses. By the end of the meeting, the council was in agreement that there should be a moratorium placed on new businesses opening up in the wrong zones until these ordinances could be figured out. The city council agreed that the city not only needs to keep a closer eye on where new businesses were opening up but become more aware of businesses that are operating in the wrong zone. A motion was made for a moratorium to be placed to not allow for zoning variances for all businesses, including medical marijuana, for the next 60 days. It was seconded and passed. At the end of the meeting, people were allowed to express their concerns and opinions. Rowlie Hutton discussed the availability of drugs in the community and his concern that medical marijuana would only make the current problem worse. He also offered to pray for the city council members so that they would be able to make the right decisions. The owner of a gun business in Havre expressed his concern that medical marijuana businesses would be allowed to operate in undisclosed locations. He felt that there needed to be more regulations and requirements for them. It is clear that the issue of medical marijuana is complicated and emotional. The second meeting I attended was a Democratic Party meeting. This meeting was very informal. The first issue of business was their budget. Currently, there was a balance of $2016. 00 in their checking account. They seemed pretty excited about that. Upcoming elections and candidates were discussed. They wanted to set up two separate candidate forums in the newspaper as quickly as possible, before the primary election. Holding a forum at the high school auditorium was suggested. . It was also recommended that the radio stations to broadcast it live. The Harvest Dinner Committee also presented their report. A group of five people was needed to set up tables and chairs. It was suggested to schedule the dinner after Festival Days, but as early in October as possible. The agenda was set up for a dinner at 6:00, speeches at 7:00 and silent auction at 8:00. Senator Baucus, Senator Tester, and Governor Schweitzer were to be invited to speak. The dinner menu was also discussed as well as setting up a decorating committee. The placement of candidate signs was also discussed. It was implied that the Democrats always use the right size signs and always place them in the proper place. While the Republicans, on the other hand, never follow the rules at all. Several other topics were discussed including plans for the Fourth of July, the drilling of water wells and the new transportation system. The final meeting I attended was the Republican Party meeting on May 13. After the welcome, the treasurer’s report was given. There was $3473. 84 available so they would be able to afford their monthly services. The upcoming Hill County GOP Convention in Billings was discussed. At this meeting new areas of business were brought up. First, campaign contributions to candidates were discussed. Candidates are allowed to accept up to $800. 00 in donations from any political parties. They decided to give $2920. 00 in donations to the candidates. The $150,000 debt of the State GOP was discussed. Each county was to raise $500. 00 to help pay off the debt. They decided they would donate $100. 00 for the next five months. Other new business included plans for the Fourth of July, a vacation raffle, the booth at the Great Northern Fair, and Festival Days. After the new business, old business regarding the redistricting and apportionment meeting and Primary Election were talked about. An update on the candidate was also given. The meeting was adjourned after a period of open comment. I found that all the meetings I went to were interesting. I was surprised to see how different the Republican and the Democratic meetings were. For xample, the democrats spoke poorly of the Republicans and accused them of not following the rules. The democrats also seemed less organized then the Republicans. At the Republican meeting, I was asked why I was there and even asked to join or help out at some of their functions. I never paid much attention to elections before or even thought about how much goes on behind the scenes. Both of these parties, obviously, play an important part in every election. After attending, the meetings of both the Democratic and Republican Parties, I do see the importance of volunteering. How to cite Discusion of Political Meetings, Papers

Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and Prevention

Introduction According to Peltz Bart (2009), a recently conducted survey by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners gives a suggestion that the business organizations do have more reason to have much concern over fraud than ever before.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But on the other, the survey also indicated that the causes of the fraud can be understood and this problem can be dealt with effectively. It is pointed out that in the year 2008, the fraud cost 994 USD to the American businesses and this figure represents 7% of the total revenues (Peltz Bart, 2009). These researchers further point out that â€Å"as disturbing as those aggregates are, they do not fully convey the impact to a business from an incident† (Peltz Bart, 2009, p.2). A large number of business organizations under no circumstances rec over from the damage. Taking appropriate measures to prevent crime is of great interest to the privately owned business organizations. The businesses that are small and medium in size are mostly susceptible. Such businesses incur bigger losses on the basis of â€Å"per incident† as compared to the business organizations that are large in size. And since there can be wiping out of equity before the unsecured debt as well as lender interests, â€Å"equity interests are the most exposed stakeholders† ((Peltz Bart, 2009, p.2). The cost of fraud to companies or business organizations is immense. The question that has been raised after the occurrence of fraud has been; why did the auditors not see the problem of fraud well in advance?  A sensible answer to this question is that those who engage in committing the fraud were intelligent enough to cover up the fraud. However, in the actual sense, as Omowumi (2010) points out, â€Å"on an increasing level, the blame has been directed towards the auditors which is, most of the time, an indication of â€Å"lack of understanding as to what the role of the auditors should be, but has the auditor’s role changed?† (Omowumi, 2010, p.71).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering the fact that the cost of fraud to businesses is quite huge, it is therefore vital to come up with strategies that will facilitate fraud detection and prevention. Putting in to consideration the high public expectations for auditors due to the occurrence of the savings as well as loans scandals, the question that is presented in this paper is what the responsibilities are of the auditors and management. In this paper, the definition of fraud is going to be given and the cost of fraud to businesses is going to be considered. This will be followed by a review of literature on the responsibilities for fra ud detection and prevention in order to find answers to the research question. Defining Fraud In then course of the recent years, the level of fraud has remarkably increased and the professionals hold a belief that there is likelihood that this trend will continue even in the future (Oyinlola, 2010). Before continuing with the discussion, it is very important to look at the definition of the term ‘Fraud’. There are several definitions for this term. One of them is given in the Webster’s Dictionary in which fraud is defined as â€Å"the international deception to cause a person to give up property or some lawful right† (Fraud, 2012, p.1). According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, occupational fraud is defined as, â€Å"the use of one’s occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of employing organization’s resources or assets†(ACFE, 2008, p.1).Advertising We will write a custo m research paper sample on Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the researchers cited in this paper, Omowumi (2010) ,gives the definition of fraud as â€Å"an act of deliberate deception with the intention of gaining some benefit† (Omowumi, 2010, p.71). All these definition point to one thing; that fraud involves theft. In this paper, the interest is in that fraud whose detection may be carried out by the auditors and managers. The Cost of Fraud to Businesses and offenders It is actually hard to give out the estimate of the cost of fraud to business for the reason that there is no discovering of all frauds committed, there is no reporting of all the frauds exposed, and there is no pursing of civil as well as criminal actions at all times. Preventing and Detecting fraud (2009) points out that, basing on the study that was conducted in 2008, it was indicated that 7 percent of the total revenues in organizations would be lost as a consequence of committing fraud. Omowumi (2010) points out that the available data indicate that the overall cost of fraud is more than two times â€Å"the amount of missing money or assets† (Omowumi, 2010, p. 73). While technology advances and computerized systems turn out to be more complex, the expected cost of fraud likewise become complex. It is interesting to find out that it is that employee in a company who is the most trusted and valued that generally engage in the committing of the business fraud. In a large number of cases, those who engage in the committing of fraud do not consider stealing from their company as being a harmful practice.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They may hold it that the crime they commit is one that has no victims and they do not look at the theft they engage in as being costly to the company. A large number of frauds come about for the reason that there is an opportunity and the people who commit the crime has an idea that he or she will not be caught. In a large number of instances, the one committing fraud does not have or has very little ‘criminal self concept’ and consider violations as being part of his or her work. The offenders normally try as much as possible to minimize their crime because the crime brings about minor losses for a big volume of customers. There is no targeting of one particular customer for the crime (Omowumi, 2010). The Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and prevention According to Omowumi (2010), the auditor has the responsibility â€Å"to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether c aused by error or fraud† (Omowumi, 2010, p.73). Because of the audit evidence nature and fraud characteristic, the auditor is in a position to get reasonable, but not complete, guarantee that there is detection of material misstatements (Omowumi, 2010; Akinwolemiwa, 2009). For a long time, detection of fraud has been regarded as being a major reason for auditing. But there has been no clear definition of the auditor’s role from the beginning. A review of the historical development of the responsibility of the auditors in fraud detection and reporting over years was carried out by Porter (1997). This researcher’s study gives an indication that there is an assessment of auditing practices and change in auditing concept through several stages. According to Stirbu, Moraru, Farcane, Blidisel Popa (2009), Porter study gives a revelation that the basic goal of â€Å"an audit in the pre-1920’s phase was to uncover fraud† (Stirbu, Moraru, Farcane, Blidisel Popa, 2009, p.56). However, it is pointed out that by the 1930’s, the basic goal of an audit had shifted to accounts verification (Stirbu, et al, 2009). This change is highly likely to have been brought about by the increase in the volume as well as the size of the transactions of business organizations which consequently caused it to be not likely that the auditors could carry out the evaluation of all transactions. In the course of this period, the profession of auditing started to present claims that the fraud detection responsibilities lay in the hands of the management. Moreover, management is supposed to as well have carried out the implementation of suitable internal control systems in order to ensure prevention of fraud in their organizations (Stirbu, et al, 2009). In the course of the 1960s, there was general discontent among the public and the media that the auditors were not willing to accept the responsibilities of fraud detection. The audit helpfulness was const antly called in to question as, in general terms, did not succeed in exposing fraud (Stirbu, et al, 2009). However, in spite of the prevailing criticism, the auditors went on minimizing the significance of the role they played in fraud detection by making an emphasis that the responsibility was in the hands of the management (Stirbu, et al, 2009). In the course of the 1980s, with advancement in technology, the complexity and volume of incidents of fraud have posed severe problems for businesses†( Stirbu, et al, 2009, p.57). Although determination has been carried out of the case law that in particular situations auditors have the responsibility of fraud detection, attempts have been made by the courts to ensure maintaining of the responsibilities of the auditors within logical limits. (Stirbu, et al, 2009). On the contrary, an argument is presented by Boynton, Johnson Kell (2005) that, beginning from the time of the fall of Enron, there has been refurbishing of the auditing s tandards to re-emphasize the duties of auditors in fraud detection. The assertion these researchers make is based on ISA 315 and ISA 240. ISA 315 calls for the auditors to carry out the evaluation of the efficiency of â€Å"an entity’s risk management framework in preventing misstatements, whether through fraud or otherwise, in the course of audit† (Stirbu, et al, 2009, p.57). According to Boynton et al (2005), formerly, this requirement did not exist. These researchers go ahead to present an explanation that such an evaluation was needed previously just at a time they made a choice to rely on that framework and to ensure reduction of the audit investigation extent (Boynton et al). Moreover, the members of staff involved in an audit are required to engage in communicating their findings among themselves in order to avoid situations in which the staff members, operating in an independent manner on their individual sections of the audit, have not been able to appreciate the importance of evidently small irregularities which, if brought together, assume a more threatening sense. In addition, Boynton et al (2005) present a claim that auditors are supposed to be more practical in their search for fraud in the course of carrying out an audit basing on ISA 240. The auditors’ responsibilities now encompass having consideration of opportunities and motivations offered to prospective fraudsters, and also rationalizations that a fraud activity is warranted. There are as well expectations about the auditors to engage in making inquiries more intimately into motivating factors that contribute to issues such as; occurrence of mistakes in accounting estimates, â€Å"unusual transactions that appear to lack business rationale, and reluctance to correct immaterial errors discovered by the audit† (Stirbu, et al, 2009, p.57). According to Omowumi (2010), even if the public have constant expectations of auditors to expose fraud, they do not have specif ic duty of detecting fraud since heavy dependence is put on the management to offer documentation and information; the frauds which are small are hard for the auditors to detect, especially if they are being committed by more than a single key staff member within the company. It is pointed out that there is maintaining of the ‘International ‘ standard that the mandate of the auditor may call for him to take cognizance and engage in reporting issues which come to his attention in carrying out his tasks, which relate to â€Å"compliance with legislative or regulatory requirement, adequacy of accounting and control system, viability of economic activities, programs and projects† (Omowumi, 2010, p.73). Of late, a view has come up in which it is emphasized that the auditors are supposed to play a more significant and direct role in setting up good governance, in case this implies having expectation of them to cross the set up boundaries of legitimate audit functions, à ¢â‚¬Å"it would be stretching the string too far, without gaining anything positive and substantial† (Omowumi, 2010, p.73). The only available option then is to make the auditors to have a feeling of being more careful and dutiful and thus, becoming more effective, at the same time confining themselves to â€Å"their term of reference† (Omowumi, 2010, p.73). Conclusion The level of fraud in the business organizations has been ever increasing and a belief is held among the professionals that this level is likely going to go on increasing. The cost of fraud to the business organizations as well as to the public can only be approximated, since a large number of fraud cases go unreported. However, the current statistics give an indication of the enormous values that are linked to fraud. In addition, with advancement in technology which involves use of computers in organizations may make these organizations to be more prone to fraud. In order to deal with the problem of fraud , there must be exertion of a joint effort by the management of the business organizations, the auditors as well as the employees in these organizations. Each and every person has to come to a realization that fraud is not a crime that has no victims. The cost that arises following committing of fraud is shared by all people through higher costs as well as through reduced business profits. By putting sufficient internal controls in place by the management, as well as favourable working conditions for the workers, stricter requirement for the auditors and also putting in place codes of ethics for the workers in the organization, every person can begin to fight frauds in the business organization. References Akinwolemiwa, C. G (2009). The auditors’ responsibility to consider fraud in an audit of financial statement. The Nigerian accountant-Institute of chartered Accountant of Nigeria journal, 2(1), 57-64. Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (2008). 2008 Report to the Natio n: Occupational Fraud and Abuse. Austin, TX: ACFE. Boynton, W., Johnson, R. Kell, W. (2005). Assurance and the integrity of financial  reporting. New York, NY: John Wiley Son, Inc.  Fraud, (2012). Retrieved from http://dictionary.webster.us/fraud Omowumi, A. O. (2010). The changing responsibilities of auditors in detection and prevention of business frauds within a challenging environment in Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 1(2), 71 – 75. Oyinlola, A. O. (2010). The role of auditors in fraud detection, prevention and reporting in Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1 (1), 517. Peltz,S. Bart. D.P. (2009). The threat within: employee fraud detection and prevention. Web. Porter, B. (1997). Auditors’ responsibilities with respect to corporate fraud: a controversial issue. London, England: Paul Chapman Publishing. Preventing and detecting fraud in not-for-profit organizations. (2009). New York, NY: Keller Owens. Stirbu, D., Moraru, M., Farcane, N. Blidisel, R. Popa, A. (2009). Fraud and error auditors’ responsibility levels. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 11(1), 2009. This research paper on Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and Prevention was written and submitted by user Natalya E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.