Freemium pricing of Dropbox Essay

1. Describe Dropbox’s â€Å"Freemium Pricing strategy† to get users and revenue. What was this strategy? What did the company hope to accomplish with this strategy? Dropbox is a company providing remote-storage over the internet, cloud storage service as well. The â€Å"Freemium Pricing Strategy† is a popular pricing strategy which company provide client a basic service without paying a dime and premium services were paid. Dropbox offers 2GB cloud storage space for free and 1TB for $9.99 per month. The basic service attracts millions of customer to use and like it. On the other hand, the major revenue is generated by paid customers which weights 60% of total revenue. Moreover, Drew Houston, the CEO and founder of Dropbox, introduced an incentivize mechanism to expand the market. Satisfied users are more willing to recommend Dropbox to their friends, family and co-worker, in turn, they can get free storage upgrade. In corporate business, Dropbox provide paid â€Å"Dropbox for Business† which featured unlimited storage and administrative control. Corporate contribute 40% of Dropbox revenue for the effectiveness Dropbox provided. The freemium pricing and incentive mechanism accelerate Dropbox customer acquisition. Although 98% customers are unpaid and generate zero revenue, the significant amount of user base is potential wealth of Dropbox. Dropbox was considered as one of the most successful companies to offer â€Å"Freemium Pricing† in cloud storage market. Freemium offers customers an opportunity to try out a new product or service risk-free and cost-free. Meanwhile, Dropbox achieved the objective, 200 million of user. 1. What were the positive results of this strategy? With â€Å"Freemium Pricing†, Dropbox has 17% market share, and the second market dominator, beside Apple iCloud, which pre-programmed inside consumer hardware such as iPhone, iPad and laptop. Even several internet giants began vying a piece of promising cloud storage market, Dropbox was still possessing the second big vendor in the market. In short-term, â€Å"Freemium Pricing† speed up Dropbox user grew from 4 million to 200 million in four years and generate $400 million revenue by 2012. As well, in long-term, Dropbox builds brand image and cultivates customer habit. With huge potentials, Dropbox is valued at over 4 billion dollars. 2. What were the negative results or failures of this strategy, if any? The competition of cloud storage market is very intense, which makes Dropbox profitability less sustainable. Consumers may turned into other giant vendor such as Google, Apple and Amazon. â€Å"Freemium Pricing† and incentivize mechanism bring some negative influence on Dropbox. Customer prefer to get more storage with recommend to friends and their friend will do the same thing to get free upgrade by doing the same thing. This will increase Dropbox operation cost by purchasing more servers and maintain them. For venture capital investor, great volatility of future revenue means high risk. The value of D ropbox may be overestimated. Low user conversion rate, loss of customers and make people always want use Dropbox for free will be hidden risk for Dropbox. 3. What was the strategy that Dropbox used for corporate/business customers? Describe this strategy and its results. Firstly, Dropbox was applying the â€Å"Freemium Pricing Strategy† to acquire basic users. According to Drew Houston, his goal was to get individuals to use and like it so much that they, in turn, got their employers to sign up as well. Dropbox was offering a product that people didn’t know that needed until they tried. Free trial gives everyone a chance to try and experience the convenience and efficiency Dropbox brings to them. Secondly, Houston built an incentive strategy to stimulate the referral process Users benefit from getting more free storage and Houston get more customers. The referral hierarchy and accelerate the promotion of Dropbox. The quick expand of user create more chance that users will bring Dropbox to their workplace. After that, Dropbox holding a large share of the consumer cloud storage market. Internet giants stepped into the market, Houston turned his sight on corporate users. Dropbox termed corporate version â€Å"Dropbox for Business† which including unlimited storage space and administrative control. File sharing and co-working are become more efficiently than before. Finally, Dropbox achieved another success in corporate users whom become the secondary revenue stream weighted 40% of total revenue. 4. What other strategies can you think of that Dropbox could have chosen, instead of  Freemium Pricing? According to news, Dropbox is turning its direction into Big Data analysis. Diversity in product is necessary for Dropbox to develop a new stream of revenue. â€Å"Freemium Pricing† costs too much time and budget on customer cultivating, in exchange, high uncertainty and risk are fatal disadvantage of Dropbox. Alternatively, Dropbox could use penetration pricing strategy. They offer the basic service with lowest price and gain enough consumers to gain the market share. The difference between penetration pricing and Freemium is the cost of customer maintaining is low but they may loss more users when the price raised.

Holden Account Management

efox Account Plan Account: ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd Total WSP Revenue: $40,000 Total CDSP Revenue: $0 Sales Professional: Amit D Bhattacharya 29/11/2010 Page 1 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com efox Account Plan Corporate Goals & Initiatives Corporate Goals: undefined Corporate Initiatives: undefined 29/11/2010 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd Page 2 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Account: ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd Opportunity: NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Value: $40,000 Close Date: May 11 2010 Sales Professional: Amit D Bhattacharya Sales Prediction Opportunity is closed 29/11/2010 Page 3 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Discovery Expanded Opportunity Analysis Solid Emerging Weak Non-existent Excellent Good At parity Marginal Bad Disadvantaged Tentative Disconnected Severely at Risk Strong Growing At Risk Nov 29 2010 Dominant Secure Value Premise Business Quality Competitive Strength Political Alignment Summary Can We Add Value? – Value Premise Client Involvement in Value Discovery Business Impact -11 0 Driving Mechanism Measurability -3 -4 -3 0 -3 0 -15 -4 Should We Pursue? – Business Quality Geography/Resourceable Funding Risk Assessment Future Value to Us 0 0 0 Time frame Client Competence Profitability to Us 0 Can We Compete? – Competitive Strength Solution Compatibility Client History Philosophical Alignment 0 0 Competitor's Solution Compatibility Competitor's Client History -4 -3 -4 -27 -4 -3 -56 Competitor's Philosophical Alignment -4 Are We Politically Aligned To Win? – Political Alignment Decision-Making Process Leverage Political Leverage Appropriate Executive Sponsorship Established Momentum -4 -4 -4 0 Competitor's Decision Process Leverage -4 Competitor's Political Leverage Competitor's Approp. Exec. Sponsorship -4 Competitor's Established Momentum Total Score 29/11/2010 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Page 4 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Establish Value Value Statements Sharath S, Lead – Technology, O We can provide the ethernet link as needed by you to reduce the choking and proper running of the applications as the current bandwidth is choked. Critical Business Issues Traffic is very high on the existing link which leads to choking Area of Improvement Upgrading of the bandwidth capability in the existing link Business Impact Credibility Need to release the choking and Track record of having provided the IT applications will run more similar links to Sonata Software, smoothly IBM etc Value Proposition Beginning April 28th 2010 as a result of the new link from TTSL, ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd will be able to effectively increase the bandwidth on the existing link resulting in effective removal of the choking for proper running of the IT applications with the economic payback of increased productivity of employees. We will document our delivered value by **. 29/11/2010 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Page 5 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Competitive Strategy Differentiation Analysis Our Strategy Competitor Strategy for Strategy Coaching Prompt 29/11/2010 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Page 6 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Political Support Support Base Map MV VM RP SS VB RP Ravi Pangal, Head – Transitions, E Agenda: Contribution: VM Viswas M, Head – IT strategic Sourcing and asset Management, M Agenda: Contribution: VB Vaidyanathan B, Manager Facilities, O Agenda: Contribution: MV Mahendran V, Head – IT Infrastructure, M Agenda: Contribution: SS Sharath S, Lead – Technology, O Agenda: Contribution: 29/11/2010 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Page 7 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Ravi Pangal, Head – Transitions, E Agenda: Contribution: Fox Evaluator 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ravi Pangal has exerted influence outside of his or her organizational authority Ravi Pangal has knowledge of his or her company's mission and business goals, as evidenced in his or her working to directly or indirectly advance them Ravi Pangal is an effective risk taker, in terms of his or her ability to assess and manage risk Ravi Pangal demonstrates integrity, in terms of not being willing to compromise his or her company or individuals within the Power Base to advance his or her own aspirations Ravi Pangal is a good listener Ravi Pangal can appropriately and successfully work in exception to company policy Ravi Pangal influences important decisions before they are formally made Ravi Pangal has a close relationship with others who possess expertise that he or she personally does not have, but that can be important Ravi Pangal is not arrogant about his or her knowledge or accomplishments as evidenced by his or her willingness to have others receive the credit for accomplishments Ravi Pangal is diplomatic in how he or she operates, as evidenced by rarely taking people on in a confrontational manner 1-Most Likely True 0-Don't Know -1-Doubt this is true -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 2-Confident this is true -2-Confident this is not true Contact Evaluator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 My discussions with Ravi Pangal touch upon potential opportunities beyond the curre nt business opportunity Ravi Pangal utilizes e or my company as a nontraditional resource through which value can be derived Ravi Pangal makes an effort to assist me in cost-justifying the value that we can contribute Ravi Pangal introduces or references me to influential people in the account Ravi Pangal has a clear strategy for establishing us as the preferred supplier Ravi Pangal utilizes his or her internal contacts to provide me with business insights and information of a privileged nature Ravi Pangal openly discusses his or her company's plans, projects, and personnel with me Ravi Pangal can articulate my personal or company's long-term strategy for building a relationship with his or her company and how the current opportunity contributes to its advancement Ravi Pangal takes the initiative in assisting me in the current business development opportunity I feel my relationship with Ravi Pangal transcends the business development opportunity at hand 2-Almost Always 1-Often 0-Som etimes -1-Rarely -2-Almost Never -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 29/11/2010 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Page 8 of 12 efox by Holden International www. oldenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Viswas M, Head – IT strategic Sourcing and asset Management, M Agenda: Contribution: Fox Evaluator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Viswas M has exerted influence outside of his or her organizational authority Viswas M has knowledge of his or her company's mission and business goals, as evidenced in his or her working to directly or indirectly advance them Viswas M is an effective risk taker, in terms of his or her ability to assess and manage risk Viswas M demonstrates integrity, in terms of not being willing to compromise his or her company or individuals within the Power Base to advance his or her own aspirations Viswas M is a good listener Viswas M can appropriately and successfully work in exception to company policy Viswas M influences important decisions before they are formally made Viswas M has a close relationship with others who possess expertise that he or she personally does not have, but that can be important Viswas M is not arrogant about his or her knowledge or accomplishments as evidenced by his or her willingness to have others receive the credit for accomplishments Viswas M is diplomatic in how he or she operates, as evidenced by rarely taking people on in a confrontational manner 1-Most Likely True 0-Don't Know -1-Doubt this is true -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 2-Confident this is true -2-Confident this is not true Contact Evaluator 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 My discussions with Viswas M touch upon potential opportunities beyond the current business opportunity Viswas M utilizes me or my company as a nontraditional resource through which value can be derived Viswas M makes an effort to assist me in cost-justifying the value that we can contribute Viswas M introduces or references me to influential people in the account Viswas M has a clear strategy for establishing us as the preferred supplier Viswas M utilizes his or her internal contacts to provide me with business insights and information of a privileged nature Viswas M openly discusses his or her company's plans, projects, and personnel with me Viswas M can articulate my personal or company's long-term strategy for building a relationship with his or her company and how the current opportunity contributes to its advancement Viswas M takes the initiative in assisting me in the current business development opportunity I feel my relationship with Viswas M transcends the business development opportunity at hand 2-Almost Always 1-Often 0-Sometimes -1-Rarely -2-Almost Never -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 29/11/2010 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Page 9 of 12 efox by Holden Internation al www. holdenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Vaidyanathan B, Manager Facilities, O Agenda: Contribution: Fox Evaluator 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vaidyanathan B has exerted influence outside of his or her organizational authority Vaidyanathan B has knowledge of his or her company's mission and business goals, as evidenced in his or her working to directly or indirectly advance them Vaidyanathan B is an effective risk taker, in terms of his or her ability to assess and manage risk Vaidyanathan B demonstrates integrity, in terms of not being willing to compromise his or her company or individuals within the Power Base to advance his or her own aspirations Vaidyanathan B is a good listener Vaidyanathan B can appropriately and successfully work in exception to company policy Vaidyanathan B influences important decisions before they are formally made Vaidyanathan B has a close relationship with others who possess expertise that he or she personally does not have, but that can be important Vai dyanathan B is not arrogant about his or her knowledge or accomplishments as evidenced by his or her willingness to have others receive the credit for accomplishments Vaidyanathan B is diplomatic in how he or she operates, as evidenced by rarely taking people on in a confrontational manner 1-Most Likely True 0-Don't Know -1-Doubt this is true -1 0 0 -1 1 0 1 0 -2 0 2-Confident this is true -2-Confident this is not true Contact Evaluator 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 My discussions with Vaidyanathan B touch upon potential opportunities beyond the current business opportunity Vaidyanathan B utilizes me or my company as a nontraditional resource through which value can be derived Vaidyanathan B makes an effort to assist me in cost-justifying the value that we can contribute Vaidyanathan B introduces or references me to influential people in the account Vaidyanathan B has a clear strategy for establishing us as the preferred supplier Vaidyanathan B utilizes his or her internal contacts to provide me with business insights and information of a privileged nature Vaidyanathan B openly discusses his or her company's plans, projects, and personnel with me Vaidyanathan B can articulate my personal or company's long-term strategy for building a relationship with his or her company and how the current opportunity contributes to its advancement Vaidyanathan B takes the initiative in assisting me in the current business development opportunity I feel my relationship with Vaidyanathan B transcends the business development opportunity at hand 2-Almost Always 1-Often 0-Sometimes -1-Rarely -2-Almost Never 0 -1 0 0 1 -2 -1 0 -1 -1 29/11/2010 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Page 10 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Mahendran V, Head – IT Infrastructure, M Agenda: Contribution: Fox Evaluator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mahendran V has exerted influence outside of his or her organizational authority Mahendran V has know ledge of his or her company's ission and business goals, as evidenced in his or her working to directly or indirectly advance them Mahendran V is an effective risk taker, in terms of his or her ability to assess and manage risk Mahendran V demonstrates integrity, in terms of not being willing to compromise his or her company or individuals within the Power Base to advance his or her own aspirations Mahendran V is a good listener Mahendran V can appropriately and successfully work in exception to company policy Mahendran V influences important decisions before they are formally made Mahendran V has a close relationship with others who possess expertise that he or she personally does not have, but that can be important Mahendran V is not arrogant about his or her knowledge or accomplishments as evidenced by his or her willingness to have others receive the credit for accomplishments Mahendran V is diplomatic in how he or she operates, as evidenced by rarely taking people on in a confr ontational manner 1-Most Likely True 0-Don't Know -1-Doubt this is true -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 2-Confident this is true -2-Confident this is not true Contact Evaluator 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 My discussions with Mahendran V touch upon potential opportunities beyond the current business opportunity Mahendran V utilizes me or my company as a nontraditional resource through which value can be derived Mahendran V makes an effort to assist me in cost-justifying the value that we can contribute Mahendran V introduces or references me to influential people in the account Mahendran V has a clear strategy for establishing us as the preferred supplier Mahendran V utilizes his or her internal contacts to provide me with business insights and information of a privileged nature Mahendran V openly discusses his or her company's plans, projects, and personnel with me Mahendran V can articulate my personal or company's long-term strategy for building a relationship with his or her company and how the current opportunity contributes to its advancement Mahendran V takes the initiative in assisting me in the current business development opportunity I feel my relationship with Mahendran V transcends the business development opportunity at hand 2-Almost Always 1-Often 0-Sometimes -1-Rarely -2-Almost Never -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 29/11/2010 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Page 11 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com efox Winning Sales Plan Sharath S, Lead – Technology, O Agenda: Contribution: Fox Evaluator 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sharath S has exerted influence outside of his or her organizational authority Sharath S has knowledge of his or her company's mission and business goals, as evidenced in his or her working to directly or indirectly advance them Sharath S is an effective risk taker, in terms of his or her ability to assess and manage risk Sharath S demonstrates integrity, in terms of not being willing to compromise h is or her company or individuals within the Power Base to advance his or her own aspirations Sharath S is a good listener Sharath S can appropriately and successfully work in exception to company policy Sharath S influences important decisions before they are formally made Sharath S has a close relationship with others who possess expertise that he or she personally does not have, but that can be important Sharath S is not arrogant about his or her knowledge or accomplishments as evidenced by his or her willingness to have others receive the credit for accomplishments Sharath S is diplomatic in how he or she operates, as evidenced by rarely taking people on in a confrontational manner 1-Most Likely True 0-Don't Know -1-Doubt this is true -2 0 -1 0 1 -2 1 1 -2 1 2-Confident this is true -2-Confident this is not true Contact Evaluator 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 My discussions with Sharath S touch upon potential opportunities beyond the current business opportunity Sharath S utilizes me or my company as a nontraditional resource through which value can be derived Sharath S makes an effort to assist me in cost-justifying the value that we can contribute Sharath S introduces or references me to influential people in the account Sharath S has a clear strategy for establishing us as the preferred supplier Sharath S utilizes his or her internal contacts to provide me with business insights and information of a privileged nature Sharath S openly discusses his or her company's plans, projects, and personnel with me Sharath S can articulate my personal or company's long-term strategy for building a relationship with his or her company and how the current opportunity contributes to its advancement Sharath S takes the initiative in assisting me in the current business development opportunity I feel my relationship with Sharath S transcends the business development opportunity at hand 2-Almost Always 1-Often 0-Sometimes -1-Rarely -2-Almost Never -2 -2 -2 -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 0 29/11/20 10 ANZ Operations and Technology Pvt Ltd NPLC Bangalore-Mumbai Page 12 of 12 efox by Holden International www. holdenintl. com

Birds in the Poetry of William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats

Birds in the Poetry of William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats The Birds of Romance By definition, freedom is the absence of subjection to foreign domination. Some of the most liberated beings in the world are found in nature. In nature, plants and animals are not suppressed by the constraints of man. These human boundaries include time, money and physical restraints. Birds, are commonly viewed as the most liberated animals to have ever existed. The popular phrase, â€Å"free as a bird† has been coined as a result of the large amount of freedom possessed by birds. Not everyone can understand the full magnitude of what birds truly symbolize. However, birds have provided inspiration to several intellectuals over the years. In fact, the romantic period was a time when birds were a major staple of freedom and liberty. The followers of the romantic era were devout believers in becoming one with nature and discovering enlightenment within oneself. Some of the greatest influences and minds of the romantic era were poets and writers. These romantic writers included William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats. For all of these romantic poets, birds represented different aspects of life and their poetry reflected their different views. During the romantic era, poets used birds as a symbol of freedom and they expressed the meaning of this symbol in their own unique way. Based on the poetry readings and personal background information about the romantic poets previously listed, one can view the meanings and purposes of birds during the romantic era. On April 7 of 1770, the second child of John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson was born. This child’s name was William Wordsworth and he would grow up to be one of the greatest poets of all time. Wordsworth grew up in Cockermouth, Cumberland, which is part of a northwestern area in England known as the Lake District. Wordsworth grew up with several individuals that provided him with encouragement for his literary prowess. In fact, Wordsworth’s mother â€Å"had been his first teacher, giving him instruction in reading, while his father made him learn by heart passages from Shakespeare, Milton and Spenser† (Legouis 18). However, Wordsworth was still plagued with negativity in his life time, such as losing his brother and being separated from his lover as well as his daughter during the â€Å"French Revolution†. Wordsworth overcame his trials by finding solace in nature, much like a bird finds refuge in the wilderness. Writer Margaret Wanless stated that â€Å"Na ture was to Wordsworth a great, wonderful passion, beautiful in itself alone†, meaning that Wordsworth drew most of his inspiration from the natural elements (Wanless 4). While being inspired by nature, Wordsworth was also fond of birds and other forms of natural wildlife. In one of his more popular poems â€Å"To the Cuckoo† Wordsworth describes his journey into a valley by exclaiming â€Å"O blithe New-comer! I have heard, I hear thee and rejoice. O Cuckoo! shall I call thee Bird, Or but a wandering Voice?† (Cuckoo-Wordsworth 1). He goes on to say â€Å"The same whom in my school-boy days I listened to; that Cry Which made me look a thousand ways In bush, and tree, and sky† (Cuckoo-Wordsworth 20). This line explains that the nostalgic sound of the cuckoo reminded Wordsworth of his childhood and the large sense of wonder that birds and other animals gave him. Wordsworth has written other poem such as â€Å"Lines Written in Early Spring†, which has been â€Å"Often dismissed as a dogmatic display of ingenuous nature-worship, this poem nevertheless reveals an unsuspected thematic complexity in its portrayal of the relationship between nature and human society† (McKusick 34). According to his writings, Wordsworth is emotionally attached to nature and the freedom that nature contains. Wordsworth had a close friend that was also a literary genius in his own unique way. His friends name was Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Coleridge himself was not exempt from worldly issues and matters beyond his control. Coleridge was born on the 21st of October in 1772, in Ottery St Mary, a town in Devon, England. The struggles that Coleridge faced included his father’s death, his childhood illnesses and his strong addiction to opium. While spending time with nature, Coleridge gained an almost spiritual knowledge and his writing reflected his intellect. One of his most popular pieces of writing was titled â€Å"The Rime of The Ancient Mariner†, which was â€Å"a connection beyond the force of his human responsibilities, whether conventional or personal, either of which can seem arbitrary† (Fischer 183). This poem focuses on a man who has killed an albatross while at sea. An albatross is a large bird that spends most of its time at sea. The main character of the poe m, â€Å"The Mariner† recalls an old memory and shares it with a wedding guest while they were attending a wedding ceremony. â€Å"The Mariner† tells the wedding guest about his sea journey and states â€Å"At length did cross an Albatross, Thorough the fog it came; As if it had been a Christian soul, We hailed it in Gods name†, as if the large bird was a sign from God himself (Coleridge Part 1). Later on in the poem â€Å"The Mariner† states that â€Å"With my cross-bow I shot the ALBATROSS† (Coleridge Part 1). In a sense, â€Å"The Mariner† was shooting at a divine spirit of some sort. It is speculated that â€Å"He thus may have killed the bird not to radicalize his distance from it, as suggested earlier, but to silence the birds claim upon him† (Fischer 183). According to Coleridge, the albatross represented more than a large bird. The Albatross also stood as a â€Å"Christ figure† in the sense of dying because of wrongful actions. Percy Bysshe Shelley was an interesting figure during the â€Å"Romantic Era†, because he did not reach any major fame until after his death. Shelly’s life was surrounded by complications during his adolescent years. Shelly would also find himself confined within an unhealthy marriage after eloping himself with Harriet Westbrook. After Shelley’s passing, several of his poems became popular. One of his most memorable pieces of writing was called â€Å"To a Skylark† and in it Shelley â€Å"brings the attention of bird and teaches us to enjoy natural attitude of it† (Sofi 82). In this poem, Shelley asks for wisdom from the Skylark by saying â€Å"Teach me half the gladness That thy brain must know, such harmonious madness from my lips would flow the world should listen then, as I am listening now† (Shelley 105). Shelly believes that the skylark can bestow enlightenment upon him and teach him about becoming one with nature. Over time â€Å"She lley accepts that natural (fountains, fields, waves, mountains etc.) things are the source of happiness. He feels human beings are beyond the happiness of this bird. If they give up hate, pride, fear and sorrow they will reach the steeps of joy like Skylark† (Sofi 83). John Keats was one of the main figure heads for the second wave of the â€Å"Romantic Era†. Keats’ work was published only a few years before his death. However, Keats died at the young age of twenty-five. Keats was â€Å"well-loved by all poets, especia1ly by those of his own era, and has been termed the bard of beauty (Wanless 20). One of the most popular poems that Keats wrote is named â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†. In it, he mentions his incredible drowsiness when he states â€Å"My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains. My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains† (Keats 1). Keats later goes on and speaks of happiness by saying â€Å"Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness,— That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees In some melodious plot† (Keats 5). Keats exclaims that he is extremely overjoyed for the happiness of the nightingale and he would also like to understand why the nightingale is so happy. The peculiar thing about Keats â€Å"was alert to the least little sight or sound in; nature, so much so that with the help of his wonderful imagery, his readers senses are awakened just as his were and we have before us a glorious world that some of us have never seen or heard or smelt before† (Wanless 20). Keats understood that birds also possessed these senses of enlightenment. The poets of the â€Å"Romantic Era† deeply understood the symbolic importance of birds and what they represented in nature. The â€Å"Romantics† and their love for birds can even be seen at a scientific level â€Å"with the use of pleasure in poems by Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, and Keats. This link between the poetic and the scientific in Romantic natural history also reveals aspects of our current cultural sense of the interrelatedness of human and nonhuman nature† (Bartram 1). Susan Wolfson once said that â€Å"in theory and practice, Romanticism addressed, debated, tested, and contested fundamental questions about what is at stake in poetic forming of language† (Wolfson 1). That statement goes on to say that â€Å"The Romantic Poets† can completely grasp the concept of freedom and so much more. During the â€Å"Romantic Era†, poets use birds as inspiration and for a symbol for freedom and nature. Each poet understood that birds rep resent liberty, but each poet searched for liberty in their own unique fashion. It can be an albatross, a nightingale, cuckoo or even a skylark. Each of these birds has the ability to spread their wings and soar towards freedom.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 18

Economics - Essay Example Generally, in economics there are mainly four factors required for production: land, labor, capital and resources. Among all these factors, labors are the key assets of an organization, and only they are eligible to obtain the reward for the work being done by them. An earnings means the total outcome or output of a stipulated process. The concept of income is a major component in economics, which is closely related with the demand, supply, and consumer tastes and preferences. But as far the research or the analysis of the economists is taken in to consideration, there is dissimilarity between the concept of earnings and income. The term income inequality indicates that there is an irregular distribution of income among the individuals. Generally, the term income may be of in two ways, such as personal income and house hold income. If there is dissimilarity between earnings and income inequality, it is necessary to analyze the reasons for such difference, and also essential to compare such differences among two nations. Due to the difference in income and earnings potentiality, there should be a chance that it will affect the overall economic impact of the nation also. Besides, there is a close relation between the income inequality and the impact of globalization. While analyzing the point of view of economists, it is necessary to give stress for making comparisons of the variations in income and earnings of different nations, but such comparison should not be fair, if it takes place between developing and developed countries, both are different in their level of economy. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is a global entity, giving stress for various economic and social concepts for improving the overall economic development of various countries. It is very clear that the monetary income is some what related to the economic and social well being of both humans as well as the society as a whole. In

Causes of Water Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes of Water Pollution - Essay Example It disrupts the balance of an ecosystem. Water pollution is caused when pollutants are indirectly or directly discharged into water bodies. As a result of the impairment by anthropogenic contaminants, polluted water does not support human use (Hester 115). It also does not support constituent biotic communities. Plants and animals are immensely affected by water pollution. Though natural events such as algae blooms, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and storms can cause water pollution, human activities are the major causes of pollution. Â  The contaminants that lead to water pollution are covered in a wide spectrum of pathogens and chemicals, in addition to sensory and physical changes that are occasioned by discoloration and changes in temperature. Chemical substances that cause water pollution are usually toxic, while the pathogens produce waterborne diseases (Hester 139). Alterations in the physical chemistry of water include the electrical conductivity and acidity of water. Â  Water pollution can be caused by pathogens, which are disease-causing micro-organisms. Most of the bacteria found in water are beneficial or harmless. However, a few pathogens have the potentials to cause infectious diseases. The best indicator for pathogens in water is the Coliform bacteria, which is used as a bacterial indicator in case of water pollution. There are a number of harmful microorganisms that are found on the surface of the water. The pollutant microorganisms include Burkholderia pseudomallei, Cryptosporidium param, Giardia lamblia, Salmonella, parasitic worms and Novo virus (Hester 166). High levels of pathogens may be caused by the discharge of inadequately treated sewage into freshwater systems. Additionally, some cities may have aged infrastructure, which may leak pathogens into the water system. Â  

Law of Tort. Majrowski v Guys and St. Thomas NHS Trust. Rylands v Coursework

Law of Tort. Majrowski v Guys and St. Thomas NHS Trust. Rylands v Fletcher - Coursework Example Therefore Ben is at liberty to pursue a claim against X Ltd. in tort for Amir’s harassment provided he can substantiate the requisite elements constituting harassment. The fact that Ben complained to management in the past and after the incident in which he was locked in a store closet will not exempt X Ltd. from liability under the principle of vicarious liability. Despite a formal warning, the harassment continued. The fact is, an employer can be vicariously liable even if the employer is not aware of the harassment leading to psychiatric injury. Since Ben can substantiate harassment for which the employer is vicarious liable under the House of Lords’ interpretation of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 , Ben will have to prove that the harassment took place in the course of employment. An employer can only be held vicariously liable for the conduct of an employee during the course of employment. In this regard, the Salmond test is instructive. The Salmond test provides that: An employer will be liable not only for a wrongful act of an employee that he has authorized, but also for a wrongful and unauthorised mode of doing some act authorised by the master. 5 It can be inferred that since Ben complained in the past and Amir’s harassment only intensified, X Ltd. authorized the harassment and therefore Ben will be able to meet the definition of the Salmond test. As Lord Millett stated, the Salmond test would act as a guide for applying the law to different facts and circumstances.6 Vicarious liability under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 broadens the Salmond test in that the employee need only be acting during work hours and in the workplace.7 Moreover, it was established in Jones v Tower Boot Co. Ltd., that the Salmond Test may not be applicable in cases of harassment. The Salmond test may only be applicable in cases where an employee’s tortious conduct is directed toward a third party. However, when the employee’s conduct is d irected toward another employee, the employer will not escape liability. In this regard, the phrase â€Å"in the course of employment† will be interpreted liberally.8 In the final analysis, the test to be applied in establishing vicarious liability, is whether or not the behaviour complained of was such that it had an impact on the victim’s ability to perform his duties. Essentially, what this means is that once the harassment occurs during working hours and more especially in the workplace, the employer will be liable.9 In any event, there is no doubt that the bullying and/or harassment committed by Amir, did have an impact on Ben’s ability to work. He took three weeks off work and upon his return was subjected to further bullying which rendered Ben unable to return to work. Therefore in all the circumstances, Ben has a claim against his employer, X Ltd. for harassment at work under the principles of vicarious liability. B. Amir Section 1 of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 provides for a new head of civil/tort claims in respect of harassment. Civil/tortious liability will arise when a person embarks upon a â€Å"course of conduct† that â€Å"amounts to harassment of another†. Although harassment is not defined by the 1997 Act, the House of Lords ruled that harassment would include causing anxiety or distress†. In fact, Section 3 of the 1997 Act permits the recovery of damages in respect of anxiety and distress resulting from harassment. Moreover Section 7 (2) provides that harassment includes â€Å"alarming the person or causing the person distress†. Section 7(2) would certainly include the silent telephone calls as well as the false report that Ben’s wife was in the emergency room of the hospital. On the facts of the case for discussion, Ben has certainly suffered what can be described as anxiety or distres

Artificial Intelligence Techniques Used In Autonomous Cars Research Paper

Artificial Intelligence Techniques Used In Autonomous Cars - Research Paper Example The robots ultimately take over their creators (Rouse). Physically, a robot contains the same components as humans have. In this scenario, a robot has some kind of motor, a portable physical structure, a power supply, a sensor system and a processing system "brain" that is responsible for controlling all of these components. Fundamentally, robots are human created forms of animal life but actually, they are machines which are intended to replicate human and animal behavior (Harris; Berlin). Artificial Neural Networks According to (Stergiou and Siganos), an artificial neural network is a data processing model that is inspired by the method of biological nervous systems information processing. Neural Network is also a renowned and heavily researched area of the AI. Stergiou & Siganos (2010) described that in the neural network field the working of the human neuron is copied into the computer-based systems. In addition, the neural network is an AI-based computer program which imitates t he human nervous systems’ working. It is based on the neural net which has weights on each node that can be adjusted to make suitable decisions. Such systems are typically seen in automatic driving systems that are under-research and at the early stages of development (Stergiou and Siganos; Laudon and Laudon). Autonomous Cars An autonomous car, is also known using a number of other names such as self-driving cars, driverless cars or robot cars. Basically, these cars are designed using artificial intelligence techniques with the purpose of supporting the human transportation facilities which are provided by a traditional car. In view of the fact that it is an autonomous vehicle, hence it can sense its atmosphere and navigate without requiring human interaction. Though, until now these robotic cars are mostly used as demo systems and prototypes, however, it is expected that in the future they will become more common.

Roman Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roman Republic - Essay Example But having said that, in case the three parties contradict with each other, then living in Rome could become like running on thorns. As explained, each party controls crucial departments which are integral for the development of economy in Rome. If the consuls do not agree with the decisions of the senate then the country’s security would be in trouble causing the businesses running in the country, to fear for their lives. Similarly if the senate refuses to pay for working committee, then the revenue of the country could get a deep hemorrhage resulting in large number of people losing out on their jobs. On the other hand, If people fail to execute their rights properly by acknowledging committed performances from their compatriots or punishing the guilty properly or even if they contradict with the senate with regard to ramifications or penalties, then that could also ruin the lives of people as those carrying out illegal activities may feel even more comfortable knowing that the government is not providing proper penalties. On a personal opinion, as mentioned above, the rules and regulations, the policies, all could become the best ones available only if the three parties of the government work in unison.

Jack the Ripper Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Jack the Ripper - Term Paper Example One can see that psychological analysis can unveil the secrets behind the criminal mentality of Jack the Ripper and his cruel deeds. During his time period, people were totally frightened about him because his cruel deeds were unpredictable. Almost all his victims were prostitutes in the suburban areas of London. The reports that appeared in the newspapers added fuel to the general assumption of Jack the Ripper’s serial killing. When more and more prostitutes were murdered by the criminal, people became more and more suspicious about the power of law enforcement to entrap Jack the Ripper. Now a days, Jack the Ripper is considered as a psychopath with criminal mentality and immense intelligence to veil his identity. For instance, daily reporting of murders did not hinder the criminal from committing more and more murders. As pointed out, his victims were prostitutes who are considered as the members of the lowest strata of the society. This forces the people to believe that the reason behind committing murders is related to hatred towards prostitution and immoral activities. From a different angle of view, Jack the Ripper chose prostitutes as his victims because they can be easily approachable without and suspicion. During Jack the Ripper’s time, people thought that most of the crimes against women were committed by him. This false assumption created chaos among the public and helped other criminals to commit more crimes and vest the responsibility upon Jack the Ripper. During Jack the Ripper’s time, forensic science and criminal investigation were strictly limited to the sphere of catching the criminal red handed. So, one can easily identify that Jack the Ripper’s cunningness, the mythical persona vested upon him, unwanted importance given to him by the media and the lack of evidence to unveil his identity limited the scope of the investigators to entrap him. When mythical stories veil the evidences, psychological analysis can unveil Jack the Ripper’s identity because it is the most powerful tool that can help the investigators. First of all, the researcher needs to identify the motive behind the murders committed by Jack the Ripper. Then, the researcher needs to collect all evidence and analyze the same based on the crimes committed during the crimes committed. Besides, the researcher needs to consider the time period of Jack the Ripper, place where he carried his crimes, and way how he carried his crimes. Thesis statement: Psychological analysis to unveil the secrets behind Jack the Ripper’s crimes (special references to the crime’s conducted by Jack the Ripper). Psychological Analysis: I. Jack the Ripper: General opinion during his time period Towards the end of the 19th century (say, in the year 1888), England was undergoing rapid social and political change. Robin Odell states that Jack the Ripper’s â€Å"First murder occurred in 1888† (66). The role of the press as an im portant tool for social change was transforming the social atmosphere of London. During this time, the serial killing in the suburbs of London (East End of London) created much chaos among the people. Gradually, more and more news papers began to report news about serial murders committed by Jack the Ripper. This unneeded focus upon a serial killer attracted the general attention

Critically Evaluate the Positivist Claims For Validity of Legal Rules Essay

Critically Evaluate the Positivist Claims For Validity of Legal Rules - Essay Example This essay stresses that the fact is that laws/rules are much more resilient than the various theorists would suggest. Actual life is more complex than the models that they put forward. For example, in most countries speeding laws are routinely ignored by the vast majority of the population. If the speed limit is 70 mph nearly all cars in the middle and fast lane will be going faster. Cars may be traveling at 80mph but will probably not be going at 100 mph. There is an unwritten (but well understood) â€Å"rule† that the police will not stop you if you are going at 75 or 80, but will if you are going at 100. This paper makes a conclusion that while laws must, by their very nature, be absolute: an act is either legal or illegal, a contract is either binding or non-binding; the rules of society are more flexible. They relate to the laws, and often influence how far laws are obeyed (or otherwise) and act as the glue that allows a society to be both flexible and stable. If laws become too remote from the rules that society is developing they either become irrelevant (and are thus ignored) or are changed. This interpretation of the relationship between rules and laws is in fact positivist in nature as their relationship is â€Å"validated† by the common adherence of the population to them. The rule is that speeding at 80 is acceptable, but not at 100. The law needs to set an exact figure, and it provides a territory for the rule to work within.

African American Essay Example for Free

African American Essay Introduction: In our communities today, African Americans have moved away from the theory of ensuring all are able and educated to take care of self. What happened along the way? African American slaves were free of mind but bodies were enslaved. Now that our bodies are free but it seems our minds are enslaved. Mary McLeod Bethune, born to former slaves in 1875, is known for her contributions in black communities. Bethune committed her life to educating African American on the right to freedom and education. She believed through education African Americans could determine their own destiny in an racially equal society. The strength and power she exhibited in the African American community ensured no one would be left behind without a chance in life. Civil right leaders devoted their lives for equality. A number of issues which plague African Americans have their roots dating back to slavery and the post-Civil War Reconstruction Era and are becoming more noticeable in our communities today. There is significant poverty and crime due to lack of education. Families are being destroyed because we have been oppressed by the Jim Crow laws . In many of the southern states during slavery and after the Civil War, slaves was discouraged by their former masters from becoming educated. Mainly because education was opposite with the institution of slavery and would eventually lead to failure . From the perspective of the slave masters, if African Americans were given access to education, they could possibly start thinking and acting on their own, and an uprising was foreseeable. Advocates of slavery in the state of Maryland would be required to accept the reality that slaves or freedmen were in fact not incapable or inferior in absorbing education. The slaves desired the exact same freedoms as whites but, the whites were unwilling to accept the facts . In some states such as Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, for example, Blacks were able to educate themselves. If whites were caught teaching African Americans how to read and write, they were subject to fines and possibly imprisoned. If slaves were caught, the punishment was far more harsh. Annotated Bibliography. Primary Sources: Feagin, Joe R. and Sikes, Melvin P. – â€Å"Living with Racism: The Black Middle-Class Experience†, Acon Press, 1994 The book provides a thorough examination of common stereotyping of prejudice and discrimination. The author describes in detail the minor acts in which African American are subjected. The book includes a number of social issues such as bitterness and despair in the souls of African Americans. Branch, Taylor – â€Å"Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-63†, Touchstone Book, 1989 The author provides a thorough examination of America during the time of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Civil Rights Era. The book reveals a portrait of Dr. King as he was haunted by blackmail, factionalism, and hatred. The book discusses the nonviolent movement as a dramatic force in history. The book provides relevant information relating to my research on racial issues within the African American community. West, Cornel – â€Å"Race Matters†, Vintage 1994 Cornel West’s book provides a thorough examination of new Black conservatism and the strained relations in the Black community. The author addresses a range of issues from the crisis in Black leadership and myths surrounding affirmative action. The book includes a passion grounded in the tradition of the African American church. Ward, Jerry W, Jr, and Graham, Maryemma – â€Å"The Cambridge History of African American Literature† Cambridge University Press 2011 The book provides you with four hundred years of black writing and comprehensive overview of the literary traditions, oral and print, of African-descended peoples in the United States. The contributors, drawn from the United States and beyond, emphasize the dual nature of each text discussed as a work of art created by an individual and as a response to unfolding events in American cultural, political, and social history. Washington, Booker T – â€Å"1856-1915 Up from Slavery†, Doubleday, c1901 Booker T. Washington’s book provides a thorough examination of the events in a remarkable life that began in bondage. The author discusses the relevant issues that impacted the Black community. Mr. Washington demonstrates in his book how he came up from slavery and educated the Black community. Internet: http://mh. sandglass. com/history-african-american-education-montgomery-county-0 Title: History of African-American Education in Montgomery County Description: For nearly a century, schools for black students in Montgomery County (and indeed most of the country) were denied the benefits provided to their entirely separate, but supposedly â€Å"equal,† white counterparts. http://www. loc. gov/search/? q=education+in+maryland+1865 Title: By the House of Delegates, February 14, 1865. Description: Report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction to the General Assembly of Maryland, together with a bill entitled A Uniform System of Public Instruction for the State of Maryland. Emancipation Proclamation/ End of the Civil War: President Lincoln, on January 1, 1863, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. The Proclamation, DID NOT immediately abolish slavery it only applied to areas outside Union Control. However, it made emancipation an irrevocable war aim, profoundly changing the character of the Civil War. The lives of African American slaves changed forever. The end of the Civil War and the abolition of slavery raised complicated issues and dilemmas for African American and white Americans. In 1865, the Civil War ended and slaves were now free. Many slaves waited the day of being free. Nearly 4 million slaves were freed. For many of the slaves, the future was uncertain. However, for the slaves, it meant families would remain together, and their women would no longer be subject to rape and used as â€Å"bed warmers†. The newly freed slaves were given opportunities to develop their own communities. Many of the slaves were quick to inform the white slave master they were free. Freed slaves were faced with poverty, homelessness and a severe lack of education. Reconstruction: In 1865 Congress created the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, to assist with the transition of freedmen for newly freed slaves. The bureau was given massive responsibilities in helping freedmen by providing property, education, and how to negotiate on labor contracts with white planters. Also the Bureau aid in settling criminal disputes involving blacks and whites. Newly freed slaves did not trust the Bureau slavery remain present in the freedmen minds. The former slaves suffered a tremendous amount of injustices at the hands of whites. The bureau was not designed to be a permanent institution but the goal was to encourage the newly freed slave to become self-reliant as soon as possible. The freedman’s Bureau was put in place for one year. Many white Southerners desire was to eliminate former slave’s new found freedom. The renowned African American scholar and activist W. E. B Du Bois assisted in the path of reconstruction. W. E. B. DuBois begins his social analysis of the black conditions in Philadelphia. Published in 1899, The Philadelphia He was also considered the most powerful black educator of the 19th and 20th centuries in so far as he controlled the flow of funds to black schools and colleges. Up from slavery, born a slave on a small farm in the Virginia backcountry, he worked in the salt furnaces and coal mines of West Virginia as a child. e He was determined to get an education he would travel hundreds of miles under great stress until he arrived At Hampton Institute. The 15th Amendment is passed permitting black men the right to vote. Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina is the first black to be seated in the House. In all, twenty-two blacks are elected to Congress during Reconstruction . There were seven lawyers, three ministers, one banker, one publisher, two school teachers, and three college presidents. Hampton Normal Agricultural Institute is founded by Samuel Chapman Armstrong and chartered as one of the first colleges for blacks. It is also a pioneer in educating American Indians. Booker T. Washington is among its early graduates. Pennsylvania, the home of the oldest and largest northern free black community. Dr. Carter G. Woodson’s innate brilliance and capacity for critical thought allowed him to envision the impossible as possible. He was one of the first African American to receive a doctorate in the United States, and the second to be awarded a doctorate in history from Harvard University; he almost single-handedly pulled African American history from the margins of obscurity. Dr. Woodson was particularly concerned with social and economic history focusing his lens on the fundamental virtue of African Americans, both as individuals and as an ethnic group. Building on traditions informed by the scholarship of black historians such as William Bell Brown and George Washington Williams, he inspired an entire generation of African American cultural historians including noted Pan-Africans Rayford W. Logan, and political and social activist Luther Porter Jackson, among others. His extensive body of work and astute analysis of Negro history and its African origins prompted the intellectual life represented in the Harlem Renaissance, ushered in the era of black studies and also influenced the civil rights, black power and black arts movements. Sixty years after his death on April 3, 1950, his legacy as the Father of Black History still lives on. Education Two of the world’s greatest black’s leaders within the African American community. W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington had very distinctive views on education in the African American community. They both disagreed on strategies that largely affected the future of African Americans social and economic development. The philosophies of Du Bois and Washington on how to overcome racial injustice. Booker T. Washington was an educator and influential black leader. Washington spoke from philosophy point of view on self-help, racial and accommodations. He suggested that African Americans should accept racial discrimination for now. But, instead focus on elevating via hard work. Washington believed in education he urged blacks to accept discrimination for the time being and concentrate on elevating themselves through hard work, training and material prosperity. He believed the former African Americans slaves should focus their time in learning skills in farming and industrial. It would gain the respects of whites and that would lead in to becoming accepted as American citizens. W. E. B. Du Bois, is considered a scholar and political thinker. He was against Washington’s strategy to accept racial discrimination that would serve only to preserve white oppression. Du Bois was an advocate for political action and for the civil rights of former African American Slaves. He helped found the NAACP. He believed that social change can be accomplished by developing the small group of educated blacks he called the Talented Tenth. Du Bois has a more realist view in reference to education. Lack of education puts you at disadvantage in competing with whites for higher paying jobs. Ignoring racial discrimination will cause the people to become oppress. If you educated the people they can become more self-reliant from economic prospective. Education in Maryland: In Maryland 1865 one high school per county, the law was passed to opened the door for African-American children to receive a free education. There were some guides that first must be followed taxes collected from African American in the state of Maryland were sufficient to cover the expenses of building schools. The Emancipation Proclamation stated that African Americans were freed in 1863, segregation became the standard. African American teachers were not allowed teach in the state of Maryland without a three year certificate that was issued by the state superintendent, or by the president of the county board. The requirements for Maryland teachers in the 1860s-Caucasian or African-American-were the same. The teachers in Maryland were required to be single; to attend to the students from 9 -4 p. m. , Maryland counties were under no obligation to educated or supply public intuition for African American students. Many of the African American students were taught in very small quarters at home the teachings were informal. However a state law was passed in 1872 to create separate education of white and black students. The school board in Montgomery County refused to maintain the construction and maintenance of black schools. The county promised new schools will be built. MC refused to repairs previous burned and damaged schools from riots’ and cross burnings, Discard books were given to the black schools they never received new books. Most of the time the books were out dated and discarded by whites. The African American teaches salaries were withheld and classes halted with no formal notice. The African American school year was shorter compared to the white’s schools. However, African American teachers were more qualified than their white peers. The pay of African American teacher was much lower. In spite of the white schools, and although many African American teachers were better qualified than their white peers, their official wage scale was much lower. Nevertheless, teachers and parents were devoted to providing the finest education they could, despite these adverse circumstances. In spite of such laws, in African American established a colored school for students and employed black teachers. In a few cases, slave masters taught their slaves or the children of slave masters. However, for the large majority of enslaved African Americans, there were really no formal recognized educational institutions. Therefore, African Americans depended on private instruction to educate themselves. Bowie State University is the oldest historically African American University. It was founded in 1865, in Baltimore, Maryland. It was considered an African American institution of higher education in the State of Maryland for people of color primarily for teachers. Some of the classes were held in Baptist churches. The freedmen’s Bureau the school relocated to a building purchased from the Society of Friends at Courtland and Saratoga Streets. The institution reorganized solely as a normal school to train black teachers in 1893. Conclusion: Globalization is the process in which the black community in the United States must continue to grow in becoming connected and intergraded into the modern world, by building businesses and generating economic growth. The black community should become more engaged in the cultural and political education of the community and respond together and address any global problems that could possibly affect the growth of the community. The problems which plaque African Americans during slavery are becoming more noticeable in our communities today. There is significant poverty among African Americans and crime due to lack of education. Families are being destroyed because we have been oppressed. Booker T. Washington was considered the most powerful black educator of the 19th and 20th centuries, he forward large some of his funds black schools and colleges. He was determined to educate himself. A segment of the African American people has moved away from the theory of ensuring all are able and educated to take care of self. During slavery the minds of the African American minds were free and bodies enslaved. Now that our bodies are free but our minds are enslaved. The global and social issues are affecting many parts of the African Americans community across the country. Some of the problems are so complex, that most people steer clear of addressing global and social issues. A group of people who were dehumanized and strip of their original identity are in search of equality that will better prepare children of the future. Mary McLeod Bethune, born to former slave’s in1875 after the Civil war, is known for her contributions in the black communities. In the 21st century around the world constant debates are taking place concerning the impact of globalization in education in the African American community. Economy and education it’s amazing that the African American community is roughly defined or mildly represented in education. The actually perspective in developing a larger spectrum, cross disciplinary, and cross-boundaries approach would be necessary to examine educational challenges. The collective behavior of the educational system has influence mass behavior of educational system in the black community. Social issues in the black community may cause declined moving to the next century due to the lack of education. The can and will have a global affect across all minority culture. Black children are being placed in special education. As the country move forward in modern technology and higher education the large number of children of color will be left behind. Some of the children that are placed in the venues called class rooms were they are only taught the basic. They not are being prepared for the future. It’s appalling the social, health, economic and criminal justice are markers that predicts downward sparrow in future proportions in the near future for our community. The collective behavior of the African American communities is not reaching out to address these impending issues. Without positive changes, practical well thought out plans the mobilization; the segment of the African American community will not be able to move forward in the new global information or advanced technological skills. Education must become a priority. We must develop a social culture of literacy and education. The Black community must encourage the children to want to learn and move to higher level of education. The parents must be engaged in the educational process. The affects of slavery completely disrupted the notion of the black family because family members could be sold away from one another at any time. Mothers could be torn away from their infants; husbands could be sold away from their families without notice. Slavery made African Americans into work animals, or beasts of burden, who were expected to work from sun up to sundown without stopping, and who were sometimes actually bred like cattle or horses to make better, stronger slaves. Slavery also made black men, women and children extremely helpless to brutal violence, the means of which we cannot even imagine today: rape, murder, torture, lynching’s, tar and feathering, whipping, etc. Slavery also caused severe emotional and psychological trauma, which resulted in oftentimes in self-hatred because blacks were taught that everything black was bad and everything white was good because the lack of education and dehumanized put the African American community at disadvantaged. Some blacks learned to hate the color of their skin, their physical features, and the texture of their hair because they were told over and over that they were ugly because they werent European. Slavery has a negative effect on the Black community in America. When slavery was abolish some slaves was taken back to varies parts of Africa. The slaves that remained in America life was an uphill constant battle fighting for equal opportunities as whites. Slavery kept blacks from being educated in large numbers because it was illegal for slaves to learn to read and write. Slave-owners were afraid that educated slaves would find a way to organize themselves and begin a revolution that would end. The 21 century has created an environment that suppresses many healthy discussions in order to remain politically correct. However, as African Americans, we have a strong heritage of lively debate and facing the hard issues to ensure the welfare of our citizens. Many Blacks feels oppressed and angry. Not surprisingly, most discussions today are taking place within the Black community, although electing our first Black President has broadened the commentary on the issue. Does slavery continue to affect our community today? Slavery ended in 1865, followed by reconstruction, which ended in 1877. Freed slaves, who had spent their lives being told what to do and were conditioned to react rather than initiate thought, were left to their own devices to face â€Å"freedom â€Å"The effect of slavery continues to exert its brutal influence in the untold sufferings of millions of everyday people. In conclusion: Globalization has positive and negative affect on the African American community positive affect moving from slavery to equality and negative many are left behind due to not forming to globalization. In 1865 School Superintend of Maryland wrote excluding African Americans students. 1st. Education ought to be Universal. 2nd. Education ought to be Free, and therefore, 3rd. The property of the whole State is responsible For such education of every child in the State as will prepare him to perform the duties of a man and a citizen, in obedience to the laws of God and the laws of the Commonwealth. In the first Article of the Declaration of Rights, the people of Maryland say, That we hold it to be self- evident that all men are created equally free ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, the enjoyment of the proceeds of their own labor and the pursuit of happiness. If this be our Faith, then our works ought to be mani- fest. Our children must be carefully taught without any distinction of person, the principles by which life may be preserved and made productive of good to its possessors and those whom they may influence.

The Religious Roots of the Festival of Halloween Essay Example for Free

The Religious Roots of the Festival of Halloween Essay Halloween is an extremely enjoyable festival that occurs every year on October 31st. It is mostly celebrated in the United States and Britain and my talk today is associated with the British version of this holiday. Today many people see Halloween as a pleasurable holiday, for both adults and children. The celebrations of the ancient Celts are still evident in modern festivities as you can see from the old traditions still practiced today. October 31st today is a time for dressing up, eating sweets, scaring both ourselves and each other and holding parties. Many people consider it to be their favourite holiday of the year. Modern Halloween is all about dressing children in their favourite costumes, walking from house to house, collecting sweets and treats. Many families also decorate their homes and gardens with cobwebs, skeletons and jack-o-lanterns. However, the true origins of Halloween have become almost unrecognisable in todays celebrations, although they do include many traditions that I will outline.  ·Costuming The Celts wore these to ward of evil entities that were believed to be roaming the earth on that night. They could also be worn in some ceremonies as a symbol of becoming closer to their Gods. Later, when the festival turned to the Christian All Hallows Eve, people were still extremely superstitious and continued to disguise themselves by dressing in costume to confuse the spirits. Today, costumes of modern themes are worn on Halloween by children going trick or treating and by adults seeking fun and amusement. Many parties that are held in honor of this festival are themed and ask for the guests to dress in costume.  ·Trick Or Treating Our modern custom of trick or treating may have originated from several similar old customs. I will just concentrate on one of these, a ninth-century European custom called souling. Children would walk from village to village begging for soul cakes, made out of square pieces of bread with currants. For every cake that a child collected, he or she would have to say a prayer for the dead relatives of the person who gave the cake. At the time, it was believed that the dead remained in limbo for some time and that a prayer, even said by a stranger, could send the soul to  heaven. Today, children walk from house to house asking for sweets, but not in exchange for prayers.  ·Bobbing For Apples In Celtic tradition, apples were associated with female deities who controlled the ways of love and fertility. This may have had something to do with the pentagram (a star with five points) shape that you see when you slice an apple in half. The pentagram was an important shape for the Celts and it was largely recognised as a Goddess symbol. The pentagram today is still used in fortune telling and spell casting. The apples were used by the Celts in fortune telling in two main ways. The first is where we got the modern tradition of apple bobbing from. It was for young unmarried people, who would try to bite into an apple floating in water. The first person to bite into the apple would be the next one to marry. Peeling an apple was also a way to predict your life expectancy. If you cut off one long peel, you would live to an old age. If you only cut off a small peel, you would die young. Apples are still a big part of Halloween celebrations. In addition to apple bobbing, people also drink apple cider, make candy apples and hand out apples to trick or treaters.  ·Pumpkin Carving or Jack-O-Lanterns Although the Celts would bring home and ember from the communal bonfire in a hollowed out turnip, the direct tradition of jack-o-lanterns dates from 18th century Ireland. As told in a very popular Irish folk tale, the originator of the modern Jack-O-Lantern was a character named Stingy Jack. The story goes that that he convinced Satan to climb up a tree for some apples, and then cut crosses all around the trunk so that the devil couldnt climb down. The devil promised to leave Stingy Jack alone forever, if he would let him down out of the tree. When Jack eventually died, he was turned away from heaven, due to his trickery and life of sin. But, in keeping with their agreement, the devil wouldnt take Jack either. He was cursed to travel forever as a spirit in limbo. As Jack left the gates of hell, the devil threw him a hot ember to light the way in the dark. Jack placed the ember in a hollowed-out turnip, and wandered off into the world. Folk Tradition held that they would ward off Stingy Jack and Other Spirits on Halloween, and they also served as representations of the souls of the dead. Later, when Halloween festivals  were brought to America by the Irish, turnips were replaced with pumpkins which where much more plentiful and easier to carve. People began to cut frightening faces and other designs into their Jack-O-Lanterns, as they still do today. The festivities of modern Halloween are thought to be a combining of two separate celebrations. The first is a pre-Christian Celtic feast associated with the Celtic New Year. The second is the Christian celebration of All Saints Day (November 1st). The Celtic Feast of the New Year was celebrated on what would be November 1st on our calendar. This festival was known as All Hallowtide and was held to celebrate the New Year and would also signalize the close of the Harvest and the initiation of winter. But this Celtic festival was also a celebration to commemorate Samhain, the Feast Of The Dead. It was known as the Feast of The Dead because the Celts believed that on the last day of the year, (October 31st) the souls of the dead could return to their familys homes. It was believed that evil spirits, demons, ghosts and witches were also free to roam around on this night and could be mollified with a feast. These frightening creatures would also leave you alone if you dressed like them and thus appeared to be one of them. The Christian Feast of All Saints transpired as a result of the many martyrs who died for their faith in Jesus Christ due to the persecutions of the Roman State against the Church. The most renowned of these were honored locally by the preservation of their relics and by the celebration of the anniversary of their death, as a feast in honor of their birth into eternal life. At the end of the third century the martyrs became so many that in some places it was impossible to commemorate even the most significant of them. The need for a common feast of all martyrs was becoming evident. Beginning with Gregory III the celebration of a feast of All Saints was commemorated at St. Peters on November 1st. Halloween today is widely regarded as one of the most enjoyable ( if not frightening) festivals of the year.

The Cold War Between The USSR And US

The Cold War Between The USSR And US The time in the Cold War era between 1945-1991 was a turbulent direction for both the newly amassed superpowers of the United States and Soviet Union. The cold war is referenced as a continuous time of military and political tension between powers of the United States with NATO and other allies and the Soviet Union with the Warsaw Pact and other allies. The Arms race in the Cold War, had profoundly negative effects on the opposing superpowers. These effects created a deteriorating relationship between the USA and the USSR, the Cuban Missile Crisis and contributed to the financial downfall of the Soviet Union in its final days. The United States and Russia have a much more acceptable relationship in the current day, but in the Cold War era, the hostilities rose to a near breaking point level. Hypothetically, if hostilities were not prevented in time, the world could have been permanently silenced through a potential Nuclear holocaust. The United States and the Soviet Union relationship during the Arms Race period in the Cold War era was one of unpredictable possibility; brimming with hostility and tension. The two nations promoted opposing political and economic ideology and the two nations competed for international control. This aroused a geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle, lasting from 1947 to the period leading to the collapse of the Soviet Union on December 26, 1991. With Capitalism versus Communism as a constant factor; ever present between the two factions, relationships between governments and citizens of two began to disassemble. Stocking of Weapons of Mass Destruction, also kept the intimidation factor present along with unrivaled competition between both countries. With these factors present, the Mutual Assured Destruction doctrine of military strategy and national security policy was put into effect. M.A.D consisted of full-scale use of weapons of mass destruction by two rivaling sides. W hich, would effectively result in destruction of both the attacker and the defender, becoming a war that has no victory but only total destruction. With this as an ever present danger, both sides remained hostile but did not commit to weapon fire. Obviously knowing the dire consequences that would result. The compilation of Nuclear Armament was only one tool used between the two nations in this Silent War. Propaganda by both countries and assimilation of other nations by the U.S and Soviets was a factor as well. Propaganda posters consisted of anti-communist art on the US side while anti-capitalism was present on the Soviets side. With propaganda influencing citizens of both countries, any Necessary actions needed to be taken by either country, would have most likely been uncontested by civilians. Due to the rising hostilities and danger. Present danger not only due to Nuclear armaments, but from shadow wars as well. An example would be the communist occupation of Vietnam. War histo rians often say that the viet cong who fought aggressively against the United states, were only the tools of communist Russia to indirectly fight the united states. With immense numbers of casualties present for both vietnam and united states, relations between them soured. This war helped fuel the Russian machine to create more weapons and fuel communist encroachment upon other countries. This war was not only of contested territory, but a source of wealth for russia. With Viet-cong needing weapon and russia supplying them, wealth was made. The united states had discovered this and it became essentially a war against communism. The United States and Russia often had times of dà ©tente; which gave the race brief periods of break for negotiations and other settlements. The presence of periods eventually allowed the competing superpowers to come to a settlement and end superpower cold war/arms race, allowing the world to finally relax from pure tension. The Cuban missile crisis was the most severe Cold War confrontation between the United States and the USSR and that took place in October, 1962. The U.S. discovered that the Soviets were in the process of positioning nuclear missiles in Communist Cuba. The United States then tried to interrupt and stop the process by placing naval blockade to stop Soviet ships carrying missiles to Cuba. On October 22, U.S. military alert was set at Defcon 3 and Fidel Castro began to mobilizes all of his military forces. On October 24, Soviet ships entered the quarantine line placed by the US and received orders from Moscow to hold their positions while being backed up by Soviet reinforcements. President John F Kennedy concluded that if he attempted to invade within ten days, the missile bases in Cuba would likely fire a portion of the missiles at US targets. With the missiles armed with nuclear warheads, the result would have disastrous. On October 25, American military units were forced to enter Def con 2- the highest of all time in U.S. history. On October 26, Khrushchev received a cable message from Fidel Castro demanding a nuclear strike against the US in the event Cuba was actually invaded. The intensified moment of the Cuban Missile Crisis was during the evening of Saturday, 27 October 1962, when the negotiations of the crisis, had disappeared . Soviet ships didnt try to break the U.S naval blockade of Cuba, but, Soviet missile bases stayed on the island and were becoming operational and ready to fire. President Kennedy was pressured to order an air strike or invasion was increasing rapidly, especially after the American U-2 reconnaissance plane was taken down over in cuba that same Saturday afternoon and its pilot was unfortunately killed. Any hope of a resolution to the crisis that could be achieved between Washington and Moscow had begun to disappear. A letter from Soviet leader Khrushchev arrived on that Saturday morning demanding that the United States needed to agree to remove its Jupiter ballistic missiles from Turkey in for the Soviets removal of missiles from Cuba. Khrushchev`s letter was felt to U.S. officials as an ominous event of the Soviet decision from the older letter from Khrushchev, didnt mention the U.S missiles in Turkey but instead implied that Washingtons agreement not to invade Cuba at the time would have been sufficient to end the need for Soviet`s nuclear protection of Castros government. On October 28, the crisis finally ends with the U.S agreement to remove their Jupiter missiles from Turkey. During a speech aired on Moscow Radio, Khrushchev announced the process of dismantling the Soviet missiles in Cuba and insisted on his demands concerning the elimination of U.S. missiles from Turkey. During the Cuban missile crisis, both superpowers discovered that risking war in pursuit of political ideals and gain was intelligibly too dangerous. It was the final event during the Cold War that both sides would escalate hostilities to create a hazard of this level. Even after the Crisis, the USSR and U.S still imposed their competition in conflicts in other locations of the planet . Africas independent nations such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, received military interruption from the United States and the USSR. In this era, Cuba played a significant role alongside the USSR. The Chinese, who were now cautious of the USSR, participated against them on the side of the United States. The early 1980s was the concluding area of disputes between the United States and the USSR, resulting directly from the 1979 Soviets invasion of Afghanistan to establish and create a Communist regime. In 1983, president Ronald Reagan announced the creation of Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). SDI is was brought forward as a satellite defense system, which would destroy incoming missiles in space. During August of 1985, the Soviet Union announced a nuclear testing pausing. In December of 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev and President Reagan signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces; the first arms accord signed by both Washington and Moscow that calls for the elimination the intermediate-range ballistic missiles. During July of 1991, the U.S. and the USSR signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Act finally ceasing anything related to a Cold War or an Arms race. The world was finally at peace from a possible Nuclear fallout. The downfall of Soviet Union can be connected to the Arms race between the two superpowers of the U.S and the USSR. The results from the arms race left too much unused waste material, such as the stockpile of nuclear warheads and costed both superpowers a hefty sum. The Soviets continued to invest too much currency into their government to keep up with the U.S. The Soviets had to increase effort to reach where they were before the escalation and the results to this upsurge were not pleasant. The Soviet economy was becoming stagnant, while their military spending passed the threshold of acceptable. President Reagans Defense Initiative was a threat that needed to be countered, and the Soviets threw increased amounts of money at the military . The US had spent about 18% of its Gross Domestic Product at their military, while the Soviets were spending up to 35%. This resulted in Russia bankrupting itself. There was far too much nepotism of government elites, and tampering with the account s and ledgers to fulfil the plans. The Soviet economy was becoming stagnant, while their military spending passed the threshold of acceptable. To stop all stagnation occurring, Gorbachev introduced the ideals of Glasnost and Perestroika to patch the communist system, and make it work more suitable. All it really did was allow people to openly criticise their system and soon there was a calling for it to be replaced by citizens. The Communist ideology was not delivering theparadise for workers the government had promised, wages were stagnant, housing was poor, transport was difficult and from the lifestyle was extremely different from the West. Soviet children were becoming languor of being told that they watch certain films, that they couldnt listen to music from the west, and listen to Western Radio station. Glasnost had allowed them to speak out against their regime and allowed them to listen music they chose. In the Republics, people were becoming tired of the Soviets. Citizens w anted to govern themselves, or have more choice within the Soviet idea, but the government would not falter. Glasnost created the opportunity where they could criticise and begin to organise themselves. Eventually the people in the Republics started protesting, requesting independence, and after the collapse of the union, it was achieved. The event that finally ceased the Soviet Union into the history was the failed coup of August 1991. Communist associates attempted to remove Gorbachev from office, and place in a more stalinist style government. In two months of the coup the Soviet Union was no longer existed. In all of this, was the fact that the state elite no longer believed in communism ideals, and began to see how capitalism gave the chance to gain wealth like their Western rivals earn. The elite abandoned any previous thoughts of communism from 1989 and below, setting up banks and businesses and taking ownership of the companies where they worked. The final revolution had end ed the Soviet Union. In conclusion, the Arms race in the Cold War era between the USSR and U.S in 1945-1991 was a poor situation for both superpowers. The Arms race in the Cold War, had negative results on the opposing superpowers. Due to the cold war being a continuous state of political and military tension between the United States with NATO and other allies; against powers like the Soviet Union with the Warsaw Pact and other allies.These effects created a deteriorating relationship between the USA and the USSR, the Cuban Missile Crisis and contributed to the financial downfall of the Soviet Union in its final days. The United States and Russia have a much more acceptable relationship in the current day, but in the Cold War era, the hostilities rose to a near breaking point level. The events that occured, created a time in history that can be referenced for many generations of how competing ideologies and too much power competition between superpower countries can result in dire situations like the of October 25 of 1962 if not handled correctly.

Our Children :: social issues

Our Children My Testimony and Message to America and the World Hello my Brothers and Sisters in the Lord, past and now . . . It was the year 1986 and the month of June when my life was forever changed. The Kentucky Court System sentenced me to 25 years and life, which means that I will have to serve 25 years in prison before I can be considered for parole on a life sentence. I was convicted on murder and robbery charges and this was my first time coming to prison. I do accept full responsibility for my crimes. One night alone in my cell, I began to search myself and ask for mercy, and I repented in the name of Jesus Christ and became wonderfully and marvelously forgiven and saved. AMEN! Today my dream, vision, and goal is to get out of prison and travel all over the United States of America and the world. I would like to preach in the churches and speak in the youth centers and school systems to address the problem we face in this wicked world. â€Å"I waited patiently for the Lord and he inclined unto me, and heard my cry.† â€Å"He brought me up also out of an horrible pit, out of the miry clay and set my feet upon a rock and established my goings.† â€Å"And he hath put a new song in my mouth, even praise unto our God and I have peace and love in my heart today in the name of Jesus Christ.† HALLELUJAH! Praise His Holy Name! As we all know, life comes with trials and tribulations and they tend to challenge our inner strength. I am obligated to put self aside and do God’s will today in America and the World. It is not about Brother Jones and his situation, it’s about our young people. They need our love and support because we have so many young people coming to prison today and the prison system in America is not the answer for our children. They should not have to travel the same road that I have traveled and it is very important that we address and arrest this problem. Let me talk briefly about the prison system and the laws that have been legislated over the past decade or at least as long as I have been in prison doing time with Jesus Christ.

Bilingual Education In Miami :: essays research papers

While California debates whether to stop teaching school children in two languages, the school system in Miami, Florida is expanding bilingual education. This city at the crossroads of the Americas is expanding bilingual education under the argument that students will need to speak, read and write in English and Spanish when they reach the business world. The decision to do this almost seems natural for a metropolis where the top-rated television stations broadcast in Spanish, the top-ranked newspaper publishes a separate Spanish daily edition, many top civic leaders speak effortless Spanish and Latinos have become the majority. Educators in Miami, home to the first bilingual public school in the modern era, are baffled by the cultural and political firefight over bilingual education in California.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nowhere is the controversy more intense than in California. On June 2, 1998 there was a vote on an anti-bilingual education initiative, Proposition 227. This proposition would end most bilingual programs in California and give students with limited English skills about one year of special English classes before placing them in the mainstream. To even have something like this on the Ballot in California seems very odd. California has more students with limited English skills than any other state. California has approximately 1.4 million students with limited English and about 30% of them are in formal bilingual programs, including some two-way programs. The most common approach in California is â€Å"transitional† bilingual education, in which students often spend more time being taught in their native language than in English for their first school years. Due to the large population of Spanish speakers in California I would think that educators would want t o mock Miami’s style of teaching both English and Spanish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Miami educators view it differently than they do in California. They look at bilingual education as a business opportunity for students. Miami’s trades with Latin America amount to billions of dollars a year. Top business leaders say that Miami can not afford to do with out bilingual education. James F. Partridge, chief of Latin American and Caribbean operations for Visa International said, â€Å"I don’t give a hoot about the political aspects of it. To me, that’s a lot of garbage. I am interested in the financial well being of this community. We need bilingual people to survive.† Partridge is so concerned about the issue that his office gives remedial lessons in Spanish and Portuguese to dozens of employees whose weak bilingual skills don’t allow them to communicate with clients in those languages.

Summary of Hamlet :: Hamlet William Shakespeare Plays Essays

Summary of Hamlet Hamlet is the son of the late King Hamlet (of Denmark), who died two months before the start of the play. After King Hamlet's death, his brother, Claudius, becomes king, and marries King Hamlet's widow, Gertrude (Queen of Denmark). Young Hamlet fears that Claudius killed his own brother (Hamlet's father) to become king of Denmark, greatly angering Hamlet. Two officers, Marcellus and Barnardo, summon Hamlet's friend Horatio, and later Hamlet himself to see the late King Hamlet's ghost appear at midnight. The ghost tells Hamlet privately that Claudius had indeed murdered King Hamlet by pouring poison in his ear. Hamlet is further enraged and plots of how to revenge his father's death. In his anger, Hamlet seems to act like a madman, prompting King Claudius, his wife Gertrude, and his advisor Polonius to send Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on Hamlet and figure out why he is acting mad. Hamlet even treats Polonius' daughter Ophelia rudely, prompting Polonius to believe Hamlet is madly in love with her, though Claudius expects otherwise. Polonius, a man who talks too long- windedly, had allowed his son Laertes to go to France (then sent Reynaldo to spy on Laertes) and had ordered Ophelia not to associate with Hamlet. Claudius, fearing Hamlet may try to kill him, sends Hamlet to England. Before leaving, however, Hamlet convinces an acting company to reenact King Hamlet's death before Claudius, in the hopes of causing Claudius to break down and admit to murdering King Hamlet. Though Claudius is enraged, he does not admit to murder. Hamlet's mother tries to reason with Hamlet after the play, while Polonius spied on them from behind a curtain. Hamlet hears Polonius, and kills him through the curtain, thinking the person is Claudius. When finding out the truth, Hamlet regrets the death, yet Claudius still sends him to England, accompanied by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with orders from Claudius that the English kill Hamlet as soon as her arrives. After Hamlet leaves, Laertes returns from France, enraged over Polonius' death. Ophelia reacts to her father's death with utter madness and eventually falls in a stream and drowns, further angering Laertes. En route to England, Hamlet finds the orders and changes them to order Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed, as does occur, though Hamlet is kidnapped by pirates one day later. The pirates return Hamlet to Claudius (for a ransom), and Claudius tries one last attempt to eliminate Hamlet: he arranges a sword duel between Laertes and Hamlet.

The Story of an Hour Analysis

On â€Å"The Story of an Hour† â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† a short story by Kate Chopin, details the events of the short hour when Mrs. Mallard finds out her husband has died, only to see him walking through the door. Chopin makes it clear through the structure of the story that the irony of these events is no coincidence; there is conflict when people are oppressed and their soul has no joy or freedom. It is clear in the exposition that Mrs. Mallard is afflicted with heart trouble, implying she is weak, both physically and emotionally. Her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend, Richard, know how fragile she is so, â€Å"great care was taken† to break the news of Mr. Mallard’s death. Following the news of her husband’s death, Mrs. Mallard, â€Å"wept at once†¦in her sister’s arms,† showing her dependence on others. As the immediate feeling of grief spent itself, she went up to her room to be alone with her thoughts. Although she is at first weak, someone who is completely emotionally unstable would not be so willing to go be alone in her room to grief. There is obviously some want to be self dependent and free. The story’s rising action builds through a series of scenery descriptions. After Mrs. Mallard has gone up to her room, she faces an open window. The blue sky â€Å"showing here and there† and â€Å"countless sparrows† twittering outside were mentioned, symbolizing happiness and peace. Mrs. Mallard is then described by the narrator as a woman with â€Å"a dull stare in her eyes,† as she fixed her gaze on the blue sky, as if finally realizing that they were there. The details of the rising actions transition into the climax, where Mrs. Mallard feels an emotion â€Å"approaching to possess her. † After the realization that â€Å"there would be no one to live for† for the rest of her life Mrs. Mallard continues to whisper under her breath, â€Å"Free! Body and soul free! † This moment is filled with joy; however a turn of events could be predicted to come soon as she prayed â€Å"that life might be long. † At the falling action of the story, Mrs. Mallard leaves the room with the open window with a â€Å"feverish triumph in her eyes. † She is unquestionably a confident and new woman as she walks down the stairs with her sister. The story concludes with the denouement in which Brently Mallard enters the front door, unharmed. The shock of his homecoming is extremely evident through Josephine’s â€Å"piercing cry† and Richard quickly trying to block him from the view of his wife. Mrs. Mallard apparently has a heart attack and dies â€Å"of the joy that kills. † By the time Mrs. Mallard realizes that because her husband has died she will now be able to experience the joy of freedom, â€Å"the face of this possession† has unexpectedly walked in through the door. Although most would expect the weak Mrs. Mallard to die when hearing the news of her husband’s death, it is seeing him alive and realizing that she will continue to be his possession that causes her heart and her soul to die.